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DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F

शान्ति र संविधान विरुद्ध भारतीय इशारा,मधेशवादी दललाई काग्रेसको साहारा काठमाडौ । शान्ति र संविधान निर्माण प्रक्रियाले गति लिने अवस्था बढ्दै जादा त्यसको विरुद्ध चौतर्फी रूपमा हमला हुन थालेको छ । संविधान निर्माणको क्रममा देखिएका अधिकांश विवादित बुादाहरूमा सहमति जुट्टन थालेपछि संविधान जारी हुने सम्भावना बढेर छाएको हो । यही अवस्थामा शान्ति र संविधान विरुद्ध भारतीय इशारामा मधेसमा विभिन्न खाले आतंक मच्चाइएको छ । मधेशवादी दलका नेताहरूलाई दिल्ली बोलाएर भारत सरकारले तराईमा आतंक मच्चाइरहेका विभिन्न भूमिगत संगठनहरूसाग मिलेर विध्वंस मच्चाउन उस्काएको बुझिएको छ । संयुक्त मधेसी मोर्चामा आवद्ध दलका नेताहरूको दिल्ली दौडाहा पछि तराईका जिल्लाहरूमा बढेको हिंसा तथा धरपकटलाई त्यसैको उपजको रूपमा हेर्नुपर्ने विश्लेषकहरूको ठम्याई रहेको छ । भारतीय संस्थापन पक्षको चाहना विपरित गठन भएको खनाल नेतृत्वको सरकारलाई असफल पार्न व्याप्तको डिजाइनमा यहााका मधेसी दल र प्रमुख प्रतिपक्षी दल नेपाली काग्रेस लागि परेको देखिन्छ । नेपालको आन्तरिक मामलामा बारम्बार हस्तक्षेप गर्दै आएको भारतले पछिल्लो समय उसले आˆनो दूत राकेश सुदमार्फत् कुटनीतिक मर्यादा विपरित विभिन्न राजनीतिक वक्तव्यबाजी गर्न लगाइरहेको छ । भारतीय दूत सुदले नेपाली राजनीतिक दलका नेता घुमेजसरी पटक-पटक नेपालका विभिन्न भागहरू घुमेर कुटनीतिक सीमा नाघ्ने काम गरेको विभिन्न कुटनीतिकको बुझाइ रहेको छ । उनको देश दौडाहालाई संविधानसभाको सबैभन्दा ठूलो दल माओवादी र स्थानीय जनताले मात्र विरोध गरेबाट नेपाली कााग्रेस र अन्य दलहरूले उनलाई भारतीय इसारामै खुल्मखुल्ला राजनीतिक वक्तव्यबाजी गर्न दिइएको बुझ्न गाह्रो पर्दैन । संविधान जारी हुनुपर्ने दिन जेठ चौध नजिकिादै जादा मुलुकमा विभिन्न खालका षडयन्त्रहरू हुन थालेको माओवादीले बताएको छ । उसले शान्ति र संविधानको विरुद्ध भारतको इशारामा मधेसवादी दल र कााग्रेस जोडतोडले लागेको समेत उसको बुझाइ रहेको छ । काग्रेस अहिले केही निहुा नपाएर आˆनो स्वइच्छिक राजीनामा दिइएर हिडेका उसर्थ सचिव रामेश्वर खनालको विषयलाई राजनीतिक रङ्ग दिन भग्मग्दुर प्रयासमा लागेको छ । अन्य केही मुद्दा नपाएपछि सरकारलाई कमजोर बनाइ शान्ति र संविधान निर्माणको प्रक्रियालाई बिचैमा तुहाउन काग्रेसले यस्तो हर्कत गरेको जानकारहरूले बताएका छन् । यसै विषयलाई लिएर काग्रेसले पटक-पटक संसद् बैठक बहिष्कार गर्दै आएको छ । भारतको मुख्य निर्देशन र नेपाली कााग्रेसको इशारामा केही मधेसवादी दलहरू सत्ताबाट छुट्नुपरेको पीडालाई पचाउन नसकेर विभिन्न वितण्डामा लागेको देखिन्छ । जनताले दिइएको मुख्य दायित्व निर्वाह गर्नबाट पछि हटेर काग्रेस लगायत मधेसी दलहरू भारतको गोटी बनिरहेको विश्लेषकहरूले बताएका छन् । आफूलाई सबैभन्दा बढी लोकतन्त्रवादी ठान्ने काग्रेस खनाल नेतृत्वको सरकारलाई कुनै पनि हालतमा दुई तिहाई पुग्न नदिने मिसनमा लागेको छ । उसको यस्तो कार्यबाट कााग्रेस शान्ति र संविधान निर्माणप्रति कति पनि चिन्तित नरहेको स्पष्ट भएको छ । मधेसवादी दललाई उचालेर तराईमा आतंक फैलाउन कााग्रेसको पूर्ण हात रहेको स्रोतले उल्लेख गरेको छ । काग्रेस सभापति सुशील कोइरालाको पछिल्लो अभिव्यक्तिबाट समेत कााग्रेस शान्ति र संविधान निर्माणको पक्षमा नरहेको प्रष्ट भएको छ । कोइरालाले केही दिन अघि खनाल नेतृत्वको सरकारलाई कुनै पनि हालतमा दुई तिहाई पुग्न नदिने सार्वजनिक घोषणा गरेका थिए । कोइरालाले यस्तो दावी गरे पनि खनाल नेतृत्वको सरकार भने दुई तिहाई समर्थनको निकै नजिक पुगेको छ । अन्तरिम संविधान अनुसार संसद्मा रहेका जम्मा सदस्य संख्याको दुई तिहाईको समर्थन भए संविधान जारी हुन सक्छ । यही बुादामा टेकेर काग्रेस सहमतिमा नआए पनि संविधान जारी गर्न कुनै कठिन नहुने कानुनविद्हरूले बताएका छन् ।

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100 views

DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F DW) ZJFBL Bnnfo (Sf"U - ) SF) XF/F

शान्ति र संविधान विरुद्ध भारतीय इशारा,मधेशवादी दललाई काग्रेसको साहारा काठमाडौ । शान्ति र संविधान निर्माण प्रक्रियाले गति लिने अवस्था बढ्दै जादा त्यसको विरुद्ध चौतर्फी रूपमा हमला हुन थालेको छ । संविधान निर्माणको क्रममा देखिएका अधिकांश विवादित बुादाहरूमा सहमति जुट्टन थालेपछि संविधान जारी हुने सम्भावना बढेर छाएको हो । यही अवस्थामा शान्ति र संविधान विरुद्ध भारतीय इशारामा मधेसमा विभिन्न खाले आतंक मच्चाइएको छ । मधेशवादी दलका नेताहरूलाई दिल्ली बोलाएर भारत सरकारले तराईमा आतंक मच्चाइरहेका विभिन्न भूमिगत संगठनहरूसाग मिलेर विध्वंस मच्चाउन उस्काएको बुझिएको छ । संयुक्त मधेसी मोर्चामा आवद्ध दलका नेताहरूको दिल्ली दौडाहा पछि तराईका जिल्लाहरूमा बढेको हिंसा तथा धरपकटलाई त्यसैको उपजको रूपमा हेर्नुपर्ने विश्लेषकहरूको ठम्याई रहेको छ । भारतीय संस्थापन पक्षको चाहना विपरित गठन भएको खनाल नेतृत्वको सरकारलाई असफल पार्न व्याप्तको डिजाइनमा यहााका मधेसी दल र प्रमुख प्रतिपक्षी दल नेपाली काग्रेस लागि परेको देखिन्छ । नेपालको आन्तरिक मामलामा बारम्बार हस्तक्षेप गर्दै आएको भारतले पछिल्लो समय उसले आˆनो दूत राकेश सुदमार्फत् कुटनीतिक मर्यादा विपरित विभिन्न राजनीतिक वक्तव्यबाजी गर्न लगाइरहेको छ । भारतीय दूत सुदले नेपाली राजनीतिक दलका नेता घुमेजसरी पटक-पटक नेपालका विभिन्न भागहरू घुमेर कुटनीतिक सीमा नाघ्ने काम गरेको विभिन्न कुटनीतिकको बुझाइ रहेको छ । उनको देश दौडाहालाई संविधानसभाको सबैभन्दा ठूलो दल माओवादी र स्थानीय जनताले मात्र विरोध गरेबाट नेपाली कााग्रेस र अन्य दलहरूले उनलाई भारतीय इसारामै खुल्मखुल्ला राजनीतिक वक्तव्यबाजी गर्न दिइएको बुझ्न गाह्रो पर्दैन । संविधान जारी हुनुपर्ने दिन जेठ चौध नजिकिादै जादा मुलुकमा विभिन्न खालका षडयन्त्रहरू हुन थालेको माओवादीले बताएको छ । उसले शान्ति र संविधानको विरुद्ध भारतको इशारामा मधेसवादी दल र कााग्रेस जोडतोडले लागेको समेत उसको बुझाइ रहेको छ । काग्रेस अहिले केही निहुा नपाएर आˆनो स्वइच्छिक राजीनामा दिइएर हिडेका उसर्थ सचिव रामेश्वर खनालको विषयलाई राजनीतिक रङ्ग दिन भग्मग्दुर प्रयासमा लागेको छ । अन्य केही मुद्दा नपाएपछि सरकारलाई कमजोर बनाइ शान्ति र संविधान निर्माणको प्रक्रियालाई बिचैमा तुहाउन काग्रेसले यस्तो हर्कत गरेको जानकारहरूले बताएका छन् । यसै विषयलाई लिएर काग्रेसले पटक-पटक संसद् बैठक बहिष्कार गर्दै आएको छ । भारतको मुख्य निर्देशन र नेपाली कााग्रेसको इशारामा केही मधेसवादी दलहरू सत्ताबाट छुट्नुपरेको पीडालाई पचाउन नसकेर विभिन्न वितण्डामा लागेको देखिन्छ । जनताले दिइएको मुख्य दायित्व निर्वाह गर्नबाट पछि हटेर काग्रेस लगायत मधेसी दलहरू भारतको गोटी बनिरहेको विश्लेषकहरूले बताएका छन् । आफूलाई सबैभन्दा बढी लोकतन्त्रवादी ठान्ने काग्रेस खनाल नेतृत्वको सरकारलाई कुनै पनि हालतमा दुई तिहाई पुग्न नदिने मिसनमा लागेको छ । उसको यस्तो कार्यबाट कााग्रेस शान्ति र संविधान निर्माणप्रति कति पनि चिन्तित नरहेको स्पष्ट भएको छ । मधेसवादी दललाई उचालेर तराईमा आतंक फैलाउन कााग्रेसको पूर्ण हात रहेको स्रोतले उल्लेख गरेको छ । काग्रेस सभापति सुशील कोइरालाको पछिल्लो अभिव्यक्तिबाट समेत कााग्रेस शान्ति र संविधान निर्माणको पक्षमा नरहेको प्रष्ट भएको छ । कोइरालाले केही दिन अघि खनाल नेतृत्वको सरकारलाई कुनै पनि हालतमा दुई तिहाई पुग्न नदिने सार्वजनिक घोषणा गरेका थिए । कोइरालाले यस्तो दावी गरे पनि खनाल नेतृत्वको सरकार भने दुई तिहाई समर्थनको निकै नजिक पुगेको छ । अन्तरिम संविधान अनुसार संसद्मा रहेका जम्मा सदस्य संख्याको दुई तिहाईको समर्थन भए संविधान जारी हुन सक्छ । यही बुादामा टेकेर काग्रेस सहमतिमा नआए पनि संविधान जारी गर्न कुनै कठिन नहुने कानुनविद्हरूले बताएका छन् ।

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kl/;+3 / g]kfn cy{;f:q ;+3åf/f tLgvDa] cy{gLltsf] kIfdf ;d]t ljjflbt a'Fbfx¿df ;xdlt h'§g af/Daf/ x:tIf]k ub}{ cfPsf] ef/tn] dw];jfbL bn / sfFu|]; hf]8tf]8n] atfPsf 5g\ . cfk"mnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L
utlaxLaf/ cfof]lht cGtlqmofdf g/x]sf] v'nfP . k'hF Ljfbsf] ljsf;sf yfn]kl5 ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g] ;Defjgf kl5Nnf] ;do p;n] cfˆgf] b"t /fs]z nfu]sf] ;d]t p;sf] a'emfO /x]sf] nf]stGqjfbL 7fGg] sfFu|]; vgfn
pgn] eg], …tkfO{+x?nfO{ slt jif{ nflu b'Ov{ Da] cy{gLlt g} h?/L /x]sf] a9]/ 5fPsf] xf] . oxL cj:yfdf ;'bdfk{mt\ s'6gLlts dof{bf ljkl/t 5 . sfFu|]; clxn] s]xL lgx'F gkfP/ g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf
Uof/]G6L rflxG5, Tof] lbg xfd|f] kf6L{ :ki6 kfb}{ pgn] b'Od { Wo] klg lghL zflGt / ;+ljwfg lj?4 ef/tLo ljleGg /fhgLlts jQmJoafhL ug{ cfˆgf] :jOlR5s /fhLgfdf lbOP/ b'O{ ltxfO{ k'Ug glbg] ld;gdf nfu]sf]
tof/ 5 .Ú k"j{cy{dGqL e§/fO{n] -afF s L & k] h df_ Ozf/fdf dw];df ljleGg vfn] cft+s nufO/x]sf] 5 . ef/tLo b"t ;'bn] lx8]sf pk;lrj /fd]Zj/ vgfnsf] 5 . p;sf] o:tf] sfo{af6 sfFu|];
dRrfOPsf] 5 . dw]zjfbL bnsf g] k fnL /fhgLlts bnsf g] t f ljifonfO{ /fhgLlts /Ë lbg eUdUb'/ zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fk|lt slt
Pdfn]n] dGqL cfh 5fGg]
sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/df hfg] dGqL ePsf] s'/fsfgLaf/] atfPsf lyP .
g]tfx¿nfO{ lbNnL af]nfP/ ef/t
;/sf/n] t/fO{df cft+s dRrfO/x]sf
ljleGg e"ldut ;+u7gx¿;Fu ldn]/
3'dh] ;/L k6s–k6s g]kfnsf ljleGg
efux¿ 3'd/] s'6gLlts ;Ldf gf£g]
sfd u/]sf] ljleGg s'6gLlt1sf] a'emfO
k|of;df nfu]sf] 5 . cGo s]xL d'2f
gkfPkl5 ;/sf/nfO{ sdhf]/ agfO
zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{
klg lrlGtt g/x]sf] :ki6 ePsf] 5 .
dw];jfbL bnnfO{ prfn]/ t/fO{df
cft+s k}mnfpg sfFu|];sf] k"0f{ xft
5gf]6 ug{ ut ljlxjf/ a;]sf] Pdfn] sfFu|];n] ;fta'Fb] ;xdlt vf/]h ljWj+; dRrfpg p:sfPsf] a'lemPsf] /x]sf] 5 . pgsf] b]z bf}8fxfnfO{ lar}df t'xfpg sfFu|];n] o:tf] xs{t /x]sf] ;|ft] n] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . sfFu;
]|
:yfoL ;ldlt a}7s lagf lgisif{ geP;Dd ;/sf/df hfg]af/] ;f]Rg klg 5 . ;+o'Qm dw];L df]rf{df cfj4 ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn u/]sf] hfgsf/x¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] kl5Nnf]
:ylut ePsf] lyof] eg] cfh k'gM gl;lsg hgfPsf] g]kfnn] a}7sdf bnsf g]tfx¿sf] lbNnL bf}8fxf kl5 dfcf]jfbL / :yfgLo hgtfn] dfq o;} ljifonfO{ lnP/ sfFu|];n] k6s– cleJolQmaf6 ;d]t sfFu|]; zflGt /
a}7s af]nfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/ u7g hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . ;/sf/df cGo t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df a9]sf] lx+;f tyf lj/f]w u/]af6 g]kfnL sfFu; ]| / cGo k6s ;+;b\ a}7s alxisf/ ub}{ cfPsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] kIfdf g/x]sf] k|i6
ePsf] b'O{ dlxgf x'g nfUbf klg bnnfO{ ;fd]n u/fpg o;cl3 kf6L{n] w/ks6nfO{ To;}sf] pkhsf] ¿kdf bnx¿n] pgnfO{ ef/tLo O;f/fd} 5 . ef/tsf] d'Vo lgb]{zg / g]kfnL ePsf] 5 . sf]O/fnfn] s]xL lbg cl3
;/sf/n] k"0f{tf kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . jftf{ sldl6 agfPsf] lyof] . x]g'{kg]{ ljZn]ifsx¿sf] 7DofO{ /x]sf] v'Ndv'Nnf /fhgLlts jQmJoafhL ug{ sfFu|];sf] Ozf/fdf s]xL dw];jfbL vgfn g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} klg
…g]tfx¿sf] Jo:yftfsf sf/0f a}7s dfcf]jfbL;Fu Pdfn]n] cf7j6f dGqfno 5 . ef/tLo ;+:yfkg kIfsf] rfxgf lbOPsf] a'‰g ufx|f] kb}{g . bnx¿ ;Qfaf6 5'6g\ k' /]sf] kL8fnfO{ xfntdf b' O { ltxfO{ k' U g glbg]
g} w]/} a]/ rn]g,Ú ;lrj o'j/fh 1jfnLn] lng] ;xdlt u/]sf] 5 . Pdfn]sf -afF s L & k] h df_

k|ljlwdf kf}8]n cft+s


eg], …;a} ljifo cfh a:g] a}7saf6 tk{maf6 o;cl3 tLg dGqL ;xefuL
6'U+ ofpg] kxn x'g5 ] .Ú a}7s hDdf eO;s]sf 5g\ . afFsL kfFr hgf s/sf] bfo/fdf
cfwf e06f a;]sf] lyof] . a}7ssf] ;'?d}
jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hssf] x}l;otdf jl/i7
ef} u f] l ns, cflbjf;L÷hghflt,
dw];L÷blntnufot sf]6f ldnfP/
gcfpg] k];fsdL{nfO{{
g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] la|lkmª u/]sf k7fpg'kg]{ 5 . k|wfgdGqLn] k|:tfj sf7df8f} F . /fli6« o ;" r gf, eGb} pgL cufl8 yK5g\ …tkfO{x+ ¿nfO{ gfsfaGbL nufpg] sfd ePsf] 5 eg] sf/afxLsf] tof/L
lyP . pgn] sfFu; ]| nufot bn;Fu ug]{ gfdnfO{ :yfoL ;ldltn] 6'+uf] k|ljlws]Gb| leq ePsf clgoldttf yfxf 5 ls 5}g clgoldttf / sfof{nosf] kmf]gdf klg lrof]rrf]{ x'g] sf7df8f}F . k];fsdL{nfO{{ s/sf]
;/sf/df ;xefuL u/fpg] ljifodf nufpg] 5 . / e| i 6frf/sf] ;dfrf/x¿ hlt e|i6frf/sf] ;dfrf/ cfpg' eGbf u/]sf] 5 .Ú bfo/fdf cfpg ;/sf/n] r}t
/ftf] kf;kf]6s{ f] b'?kof]udf clVtof/ df}g
sf7df8f}+ . /fHon] s'6gLlts b'?kof]u sd ug{sf nflu s]xL s8f
dfqfdf ;fj{hlgs x'g yfn]sf 5g\
Tof] eGbf a9L s]Gb|df pklgb]z
ljsn kf}8]n / OlGhlgo/ ;'lbk
{ s
cufl8 o; s]Gb|sf] j]e;fO8df xfdL
;Dk" 0 f{ sd{ r f/Lsf] gfd, kb,
7]ufgf,df]afO{n gDa/, Od]n cflb ;a}
;" r gf k| l jlw s] G b| leqsf]
clgoldttf / e|i6frf/ 5tf5'Nn x'g
yfn]kl5 e|i6frf/sf of]hgfsf/ dflgg]
d;fGt;Dd lbPsf] s/ 5' 6
cleofgdf Go" g ;xeflutf
b] l vPkl5 cfGtl/s /fh:j
e|d0f k|of]hgsf nflu ;ef;b tyf sfg'g agfof] . /ftf] kf;kf]6{lng] 8fFlusf] cTofrf/ emg} a9\b} uPsf] ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyof] t/ s]Gb| leqsf] ljsn kf}8n ] / ;'lbk 8fFlu olta]nf ljefun] j}zfvb]lv sf/afxL yfNg]
pRr kb:y clwsf/LnfO{ lbg] ;'ljwf JolStn] s'g sfdsf nflu ljb]z hfg] s]Gb|sf sd{rf/Lx¿n] u'gf;f] ug{ e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfsf] ;dfrf/ s;/L cfˆgf] sfnf] st't{ n'sfpg] eg]/ tof/L u/]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ o:t}
/ftf] kf;kf] 6 { cyf{ t s' 6 gLlts xf] To;sf] :ki6 hfgsf/L k//fi6« yfn]sf 5g\ . o;} ljifodf s]Gb|sf nuftf/ k| s f;g x' g yfn] k l5 nflu k/]sf] / o;} l;nl;nfdf 5"6sf] ;'ljwf lbP/ :yfoL n]vf
/fxbfgL . . t/ o;nfO{ b'?kof]u dGqfnonfO{ u/fPkl5 k//fi6«n] Ps sd{rf/L eG5g\– …o; s]Gb|sf] j]j;fO6af6 xfd|f] df]jfOn gDa/x¿ pgLx¿n] s]Gb|sf] j]j;fO6df klg gDa/df btf{ x'g cfu|x ul/Psf]df
u/L w]/}n] sdfOvfg] efF8f] agfPsf kf;kf]6{ pknAw u/fpF5 / ljb]zaf6 clgoldttf / e|i6frf/sf] ;dfrf/ x6fOPsf] 5 . Od]n klg c:ki6 k]m/abn u/]sf] ;|f]tsf] bfjL 5 . sl/a 5 ;o JolSt ;xefuL ePsf
5g . ;+;bLo ;ldlt sf/jfxL u/ kmls{ P kl5 ljdfg:ynd} k//fi6« ;fj{hlgs x'g yfn]kl5 e|i6frf/df ¿kdf /flvPsf] / ;fy} s]Gb|n] u/]sf pklgb]z { s ljsn kf}8n ] / OlGhlgo/ lyP . of] jif{ ;+Vof cToGt} Go"g
eG5 t/ ;/sf/ tyf sf/jfxLsf] dGqfnonfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . t/ gfd d'l5Psf xfd|f xflsdx¿ xfld / ug]{ sfdx¿ klg :ki6 ¿kdf ;'lbk 8fFlun] sf]l/og bft[ lgsfoaf6 /x]sf] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . ljefun]
clVtof/ kfPsf] clVtof/ b'?kof]u sfg'g dfq lstfjdf l;ldt x'G5 h:tf tNnf:t/sf sd{rf/L dfly /flvPsf] 5}g . lsgeg] o; s]Gb|n] k|fKt a|f08]8 ;fdfg / pks/0fx¿ ;DklQ z' 4 Ls/0f lgjf/0f
cg';Gwfg cfof]un] k|s[of cl3 g] k fndf . clwsf+ z g] t f tyf z+sf ug]{ / sfof{nosf] leqL s'/f ug]{ sltko uf]i7L, sfof{zfnf / cfk"mnufot dGqfno / dlGqkl/ifb\sf P]gcGtu{t sf/afxL k|of]hgsf
a9fpFb}g . /ftf] kf;kf]6{ d'n'ssf ;ef;b\n] /ftf] kf;kf]6{ k//fi6«df s;/L aflx/ uof] eg]/ kfn}kfnf] tflndx¿ vfln sfuhdf dfq ;Lldt ;"rgf k|ljlw x]g{] O{sfOsf k|dv' x¿sf] nflu lnPsf] ;"rgfsf cfwf/df klg
lhDd]jf/ JolStnfO{ /fHon] pknAw a'emfpFbg} g . pgLx?n] ljgf hfgsf/L af]nfP/ ;f]wk'5 ug]{, xKsfpg] / x'g] / gSsnL sfuhftdf tL sfdx¿ 3/df k'¥ofPsf 5g\, To;sf] ;§fdf s/sf] bfo/fdf gcfpg] JolStsf]
u/fpg] ;'ljwf xf] . u0ftGq :yfkgf g} ToxL kf;kf]6a{ f6 ljb]z e|d0f klg t;f{pg] sfddf, plqPsf 5g\ . ;DkGg eP elg ljlgof]lht ah]6 gSsnL / :yfgLo:t/sf] ;fdfg / ljj/0f lnO/x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ToxL
x'g' cl3 of] kf;kf]6s
{ f] lgs} b'?kof]u u5{ . t/ k//fi6« dGqfno af]Ng grflxFbf] / lgod ljkl/tsf sfo{x¿ krfpg] sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\ . clxn] pks/0f s]Gb|s} /sdaf6 vl/b u/L ljj/0fsf cfwf/df klxnf] r/0fdf
eof] . kf;kf]6{ b'?kof]u ug{nfO{ ;Sb}g . olt dfq}df ;Lldt x'g] eP cfk"m ug],{ bf]if / xk\sfO{ rfFlx xfdLn] tL ;dfrf/x¿ aflx/ ghfcf];\ / e/tfn u/]sf] ;|ft] sf] bfjL 5 . sf]l/og a9L cfDbfgL u/]/ klg s/ gltg]{
/fHon] sf/jfxL t ug{;s]g t/ -afF s L & k] h df_ v]Kg'kg]{ < of] s:tf] lj8Dagf xf] .Ú sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu ;Dks{ gxf];\ eg]/ -afF s L & k] h df_ -afF s L * k] h df_

/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ePg eg] ;+ljwfg klg aGb}g cgf}7f /fhgLlts t/·x¿
nf]s]Gb| lai6 du/, kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ g]kfnL /fhgLlts cfsfzdf cgf}7f agfOlbg] 5 . kl/0ffd s] x'G5 eg] ug]{ 5 / abnfdf Pdfcf]jfbLsf] rfxgf
/fhgLlts t/Ëx¿ k}mlnPsf 5g\ . b]zdf jfdkGyL afx'Notf x'G5 . klg sfFu; ]| nufotsf oyfl:yltjfbL
) tkfO{ + /fHo k' g ;+ / rgf lj/f]wL zlQmx¿ klg of] d'n'snfO{ c:jefljs dfGg'xbF' g} . PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / Pdfn] To;sf/0f klg blIf0fkGyL zlQmsf tyf blIf0fkGyL wf/nfO{ lgif]w ug]{ .
;ldltsf] ;efklt x' g ' x ' G 5, ;+3Lotfdf nfgaf6 /f]Sg e/dUb'/ ) g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; nufot cGo aLr ePsf] ;fta'bF ] ;xdltnfO{ lnP/ nflu jfd w|j" ls/0f x'g} glbg] /0fgLlt jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] lg0ff{os zlQmsf
olta] n f /fHo k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;ldltn] tof/ s] x L ;fgf bnx¿n] /fHo b]zdf jfdkGyL w|j' Ls/0f x'g;Sg] xNnf g} Psdfq ;xL ljsNk afFsL /xG5 . ¿kdf aLrdf zlQmx¿ 5g\, h:t}
k' g ;{ + / rgf;DaGwL ljjfb t k' g ;+ / rgf cfof ] u u7g ul/Psf] 5 . jfd w|j' Ls/0fsf] eon] Pdfn] b'O{wf/df 5– klxnf] jfd Pdfn], dw];L hgflwsf/ kmf]/d
rs{b} uPsf] 5 lg < x' g ' k 5{ eGg] dfu ul//x] s f nufotsf ;fgf kf6L{x¿ . olta]nfsf]
/fHok'g;+/rgf;DaGwL ljifodf
ljjfb rs{g' :jefljs} xf], o;
5g\ , o; ljifodf s]
eGg' x ' G 5 < If]Kof:q ax; åGådf Pdfn] g} ;a}eGbf lg0ff{os zlQm
ag] kl/l:ylt aGof] . oxL s'/fnfO{
ljifodf ljjfb rs{g' k5fl8 d'Vo sfFu; ]| n] /fHok'g;+/rgf ;DaGwL a'em] / g} PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf
kfF r sf/0fx¿ /x] s f 5g\ . ljifodf 6' Ë f] nufpg 5' § } lji0f' kGt k|r08sf] g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/sf] lj36g
klxnf] s f/0f eg] s f] /fHo /fHok'g;+/rgf cfof]u u7g ug'k{ 5{ ;a}eGbf a9L k|ltufdL zlQmx¿ g]tT[ jdf jfd nf]stflGqs ;xsfo{sf] kl5 Pdfn]s} dfwj s'df/ g]kfnnfO{
k'g;+/rgf;DaGwL ljifo xfd|f] nflu eGg' 3/ lgdf{ 0 f ul/;s] k l5 cQflnPsf 5g\ . ;Defljt jsfnt ug],{ clg Tof] ;Dej geP k| w fgdGqL :jLsf/ ug{ g] k fnL
gofF / hl6n xf] . bf];|f] s'/f eg]sf] OlGhlgol/Ë ug]{ h:t} xf] . klxnf jfdw|j' Ls/0fsf] ;dfgfGt/ k|hftflGqs jfd w|j' Ls/0f ug]{ . bf];f| ] wf/ 5– s'g} sfFu; ]| nufot p;sf ;xof]uL bnx¿
o; ljifodf l9nf] u/L 5nkmn tyf g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; s} ;fyLx¿n] df]rf{sf] s'/f p7fOPsf] 5 . t/ klg xfntdf jfd–nf]stflGqs df]rf{nfO{ tof/ eP . dfwj g]kfnsf] /fhLgfdf
ax; ;'? eof] . o; ljifodf Jofks /fHok'g;+/rgf cfof]u rflxFbg} eGg' k|hftflGqs df]rf{sf] gf/f lsg klg dha't agfpg] / Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ kl5 PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] klg kfnf]sf]
u[xsfo{ ;d]t x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eg] ef] clxn] ;ldltn] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg d[ut[i0ff ;fljt x'bF 5
} eg] klxnf] t ha{ h :t /fhgLlts d" n wf/af6 k}r
+ f] lt¥of] / cfk"m cg'sn " sf kf6L{
/fhg]tfx¿ /fHok'g;+/rgf;DaGwL kf/] s f] /fHok' g ;+ / rgf;DaGwL a'emfO;s]kl5 k]ml/ /fHok'g;+/rgf df]rf{sf ;xof]uLx¿ ;a} s'Voft cnUufpg] . k|sf/fGt/n] b]zdf b'Oj{ 6f cWoIf emngfy vgfnnfO{
d'2fdf km:g / k:g rfxg'ePsf] 5}g k|tljb]gdfly h'g k|sf/n] ljjfb cfof]u u7g ug'k{ 5{ eGg' xfF:of:kb blIf0fkGyLx¿ 5g\ / bf];f| ] To;n] jfd cltwf/x¿ 5g\– Pdfcf]jfbL / sfFu; ]| . k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf ;xof]u / ;dy{g
/ kfFrf}sf/0f eg]sf] sltko ;+3Lotf eO/x]sf] 5 of] :jefljs xf], o;nfO{ -afF s L & k] h df_ w'j| Ls/0fnfO{ a9L dha't / k|jn sfFu; ]| sf] rfxgf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgif]w -afF s L & k] h df_
/fatOfc t]u )@ tr} nf; &^)@ 2

ˆ
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª lrlgof“ ;]gfkltsf] e|d0f / g]kfnL ;+j]bgzLntf
j]UbF s
lrlgofF k|wfg ;]gfklt hg/n r]g
] f] tLglbg] g]kfn e|d0f / rLgn] tftf] ax; ePsf ltAatLx¿sf s' / f dfq}
lyPgg\ . To; k5fl8 /x]sf] zlQm,
g] k fnL ;] g fnfO{ { ug{ ] ;xof] u sf rLgsf ljsf;sf afws / Ps rLg
ljifonfO{{ lnP/ clxn] ljljwsf]0faf6 g/]Gb|h· lk6/ gLltsf lj/f]wL x'g eGg] p;sf] 7DofO
ax; ;'? ePsf] 5 . l5d]sL b]zsf b'j} b]zsf] cfGtl/s ddnfdf l5d]sL dl0fk' / / l;ofrLg If] q cem} xf] . zlQmsf s]Gb|df km]/abn cfpFbf
;]gf k|d'vx¿sf] Pscsf{ b]zdf d'n'saf6 cg]sf}F gfd, cfj/0f / ljjfbf:kb /x]s} 5g\\ . dxfzlQmx¿sf] p:fnfO{{ ljsl;t kl/l:yltdf gofF
e|d0fnfO{{ :jefljs} dflgG5 . cem e"ldsfdf a9fpFb}5g\\ klg . of] g} lbnr:kL ga9\g] s'/} lyPg . To;}an ] f tl/sfn] g]kfndf ljZjf; cflh{t
ef/tLo ;]gfklt t dfgfy{ g]kfnsf g]kfnsf] ;+j]bgzLntf xf] . ;o'Qm xf], g]kfnnfO{{ cfwf/ dfg]/ vDkfx¿n] ug{k} g{] x'GYof] . oL ;a} kl/l:yltnfO{{
;]gfklt g} klg x'g . o;}an ] f g]kfn, /fi6«;3+ ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] :yfoL ;b:o ltAatdf tf] 8 kmf] 8 / cfGtl/s Vofn ug{] / ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{{ s'6gLlts
jif{ $, c+s @@
@@,, r}t @) ut] cfOtaf/ @)^& ef/t / rLgaLrsf ;DaGwsf ljljw rLg / c:yfoL ;b:o ef/t -:yfoL u9a9L dRrfP . cd] l /sfn] ;Gb]z lbg hg/n r]g lju+bs ] f] e|d0f
kf6f / kIfaf/] rrf{ x'g' klg cGoyf ;b:o aGg] k|of;/t_ oL b'j}sf hlt /] 8 qm;sf] Aofg/df ;d] t xf] eGg] a'‰g ;lsG5 .
;DkfbsLo x'Fb}g . clxn] cg]sf}F ts{–ljt{s ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\\, Tolts} pgLx¿n] vDkfx¿nfO{ { ;xof] u k' ¥ ofof] . g]kfnsf] cj:yfaf6 ef/t /
p7]sf 5g\ . pbodfg dxfzlQm rLg cfGtl/s / afXo r'gf}tLx¿ klg z/0ffyL{sf ¿kdf /x]sf ltAatLx¿n] rLgnfO{{ lgofNbf k/Dk/fut ¿kdf
/fi6«kltsf] c:jfefljs dxTjsf+Iff / ef/tsf] aLrdf /x] s f] e" –
/fhgLlts ;+j]bgzLn t 5b}F 5,
em] l n/xg' k/] s f] 5 . To;nfO{ {
pgLx¿n] dfq} xf]Og, g]kfnh:tf]
l5d] s L /fi6« l j?4 rnfPsf
tf]8kmf]8sf] cleofgn] g]kfndf k|efj
b'O{ 9'Ëfsf] t?n eg]/ ljZn]if0f
ul/GYof] eg] b'O{ chËsf 9'ËfaLrsf]
tLg dlxgf klxn] ef/t e|d0f u/]/ kmls{Pkl5 /fi6«klt To;df yk eg]sf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts l5d]sL d'n'sn] klg a]jf:tf u/]/ kg'{ :jefljs lyof] . vDkf ljb|fx] 8fOgfdfO6 eg]/ x]gx]{ ¿sf] sdL klg
ofbj /fhgLltdf a9L ;lqmo ePsf] b]lvG5 . ef/t e|d0fdf ;+qmd0fsfnsf] of] pTsif{ ;do klg ;DefjgfnfO{{ r'Dg ;Sb}g . s'g} klg bafpg g]kfnL ;]gfn] ;dod} kxn 5}g . csf{] kIf klg 5, tL d'n'ssf
xf] . x'g t rLgsf] cGt/f{li6«o kl/ro l5d]sL d'n'sk|lt s'g} klg zlQm lnP/ pQ/L ;Ldfsf] ;+jb] gzLntfnfO{{ dxfg\ ;Eotf, tLj| cfly{s ljsf;b/
/xFbf pgn] ToxfFsf k|dv ' /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfb]lv pRr eg]sf] c¿ b]zsf] cfGtl/s dfdnfdf /fi6«n] a]jf:tf ug}{ ;Sb}g . cem of] arfof] . vDkf jfu+bLsf] cleofg / dxfzlQm aGg yfn] s f
kb:y clwsf/LnfO{{ e]6 u/]sf lyP . /fi6«kltsf] ef/t x:tIf]k gug]{ gLlt g} k|dv ' xf] . t/, gfh's ;dodf g]kfndf b]lvPsf / g]kfnL ;]gfn] bafof] . lkªkª l5d]sLx¿sf] c;n ldq ag]/ ;DaGw
klg o:tf] a]nf pQ/L l5d]sL d'ns ' sf gb]lvPsf zlQmx¿sf] rnv]nsf] s'6gLlt k5fl8 eg] lrgL–cd]l/sL ;]t' aGg] cj;/ klg of] d'ns ' n] lng'
e|d0f / ef/tLo rfxgf ljk/Ltsf] jt{dfg ;/sf/ . log} ;}Go k|d'vsf] o; e|d0fnfO{{ ;fdfGo pQ/L l5d]sLn] df}g tdf;] eP/ x]//] ;DaGwdf s]xL ;'wf/ eof] . To;kl5 kb{5 . 7"nf zlQmx¿sf] r]k'jfdf
sf/0fn] klg ljleGg z+sf, pkz+sf plAhPsf x'g\ . /fi6«kltsf] e|d0fsf] cy{df dfq dfGg, lng / a:g ;Sb}g g} . To;} s8Lsf] ¿kdf vDkf u8a8LnfO{{ cd]l/sfn] k|ToIf geO{ ;Defjgf / cj;/sf] cfzf
o:tf ultljlwsf] ;Qf?9 bnx¿n] lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ . 7fGg sltko tof/ 5}gg\ . csf{]tkm{ hg/n r]g jfFUb]sf] o; e|d0fnfO{{ ;xof] u gk' ¥ ofpg] eof] . ul/g' klg xf] . ldq/fi6«x¿sf]
;gftgL dfgl;stfdf cfu|xn] wf/0ff x]l/g'kb{5 . zLto'4sfnsf rLg / cd]l/sf, ef/t ;+jb] gzLntfnfO{{ a'‰g sf]l;; gug'{
t/ ofbjn] clxn] v'n/] ;Qf?9 bnsf] lj/f]w ug{ yfn]sf agfpg]x¿sf] klg oxfF sdL 5}g . ef/tsf] ;+jb] gzLntfsf af/] 5'§} / ?;sf] ;DaGwnfO{{ klg c;/ k¥of] . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxtdf x'g] 5}g
5g\ . o:tf] clwsf/ /fi6«kltnfO{{ s;n] lbof] . of] k|Zg ;fFRr} g} o; e|d0fn] lbg] k|ToIf / rrf{ cfjZos 5 . k|:t't cfn]vsf] To;kl5 w]/} lbg;Dd rLgn] cfˆgf] eg] pQ/ / blIf0fsf] ljsf;nfO{{
rf}tkmL{ ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . /fi6«klt ofbjn] clxn] ;fj{hlgs k/f]If ;Gb]zn] klg dxTj /fVg] 5 ljifo rLg s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . ltAatL blIf0fL ;Ldfsf] ;+jb] gzLntfnfO{{ Tolt cj;/ / ;Defjgfsf] ¿kdf lng' /
g} . sltko klZrdf ljZn]ifsx¿sf] Kn]6f] ljZjsf] 5fgf] dfq} xf]Og, ltAatL dxTj lbPg . kl5Nnf] sfnv08 eg] pgLx¿nfO{{ pQ]lht gagfO{ w/ftnLo
sfo{qmdd} b'Or { f/ bnsf] ;lqmotfn] zflGt k|lqmof k"0f{tfdf egfOdf– !( cf}F ztfAbL;Dd o'/f]kdf e"ue{df /x]sf cs't sRrf kbfy{ To:tf] /x]g . lrlgofFx¿sf nflu oyfy{ a'emfpg' kg{] x'G5 . pgLx¿sf]
k'Ug g;Sg] atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . pgsf] of] egfOnfO{{ ;'id /x]sf] zlQm cd]l/sfdf :yfGffGt/0f klg 5g\\ . ToxfFsf k7f/ eP/ aUg] g]kfndf k/Dk/fut ljZjf; ul/g] ;xof]u u/]/ agfOlbPsf ljsf;sf
eP em}F @! ;bLdf Tof] cd]l/sf / sf] z L, s0ff{ n L, a| X dk' q h:tf zlQm, /fhtGq ;bfsf] nflu ljbfO{ k"jf{wf/nfO{{ unt gLltsf sf/0f
9Ën] x]g]{ xf] eg] lgs} cy{k0" f{ 5 . /fi6«klt /fdj/0f ofbjn] klZrdaf6 Pl;ofdf :yfGffGt/0f lxdgbLx¿ g] k fn / ef/tsf eO;s]sf] lyof] eg] Tof] :yfg csf]{ /fHon] hf]ufpg ;s]g t/ Tolt dfq}
sfo{sf/L k|dv ' k|wfgdGqLnfO{{ of] u/ / pm u/ eGg yfn]sf x'bF 5
} . To;sf] g]tT[ j ef/t / rLgn] hLjg/]vf klg ag]sf 5g\\ . ToxfFsf zlQmn] lnO;s]sf] lyPg . To;}a]nf eg]/ k'Ub}g . g]kfnh:tf] cljsl;t,
5g\ . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] /fi6«kltnfO{{ ;/sf/n] ug{]5g\ . zlQm cToGt} r~rn x'G5 uugr'DaL kxf8n] dfq} xf]Og, Tof] p;sf] blIf0fL ltAatL ;Ldf tLj| /fhgLlts ;+qmd0fsfnaf6
/ cg' s " n tfsf] vf] h Ldf ;w} F k|r'/tfn] cg]sf}F cfj/0fdf /x]sf ;+jb] gzLn aGg k'Uof] / km]l/ ^) sf] u'lh|/x]sf] b]zn] /fhgLlts l:y/tf
lbPsf] ;+ljwfg k|of]u u/L tf]lsPsf] 7fpFdf a:g] dfq ef}Ftfl//xG5 . x'g klg rLg / nf]eLkfkLx¿nfO{{ nf]EofO{ klg /x]sf] bzssf] ;Ldf If]qsf c;xhtf xfnsf k}bf ug{ / cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu
clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . olb sxLF, st} lg:sg' k¥of] eg] ;/sf/sf] ef/tdf /x]sf] uf}/jzfnL Oltxf;, 5 . zLto'4sf] ;do, ljz]if u/]/ lbgdf km]l/ b]vfkg{ yfn] . clxn] klg l5d]sLx¿;Fu xflb{s ;xof]usf]
hfFul/nf ljzfn hgzlSt, 7"nf] ;f7Lsf] bzs ltAatdf u8a8Lsfn /fHosf] Ps rLg gLlt / ldq/fi6«kl| t ck]Iff ug'{ cGoyf x'bF g} . Vofn ug'k{ g{]
:jLs[lt lng'k5{ . t/ clxn] ofbjn] cfk"mnfO{{ 7"nf] zlSt pkef]Stf ju{, cs't sRrf ;fdfu|L aGof] . bnfO{ { nfdfn] ef/tsf] cfˆgf] e"ld k|of]u ug{ glbg] gLlt s'/f, l5d]sL zlQm d'ns ' n] k'¥ofpg]
s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/fpg nfu]sf 5g\ . b}lgs h;f] / 7"nf] ahf/ g} zlQm :yfgfGt/0f wd{zfnfdf wfld{s z/0f lnP klg eP klg g]kfnsf] e"ld rLglj?4 k|of]u ;xof]u eg]sf] t d'n'ssf] ;Qfsf]
/fhgLlts e]63f6nfO{{ tLj| agfPsf ofbjn] clxn] bnsf x'g'sf ;Defljt kIfx¿ x'g\ . clxn] Tof] /fhgLlts cfsf/df km]l/of] . eO/x]sf] / To;nfO{{ wfld{s cfj/0f /fhgLlts rl/q / p;sf] ljb]z
ljrf/sf] /fhgLlteGbf klg cy{ rLg / ef/taLrsf] ;DaGwdf s6'tf / ;+j]bgzLntfdf l5k]sf] 7x/ gLltdf e/ kg{] s'/fx¿ x'g\ . csf{tkm{
g]tfb]lv sfo{stf{;DdnfO{{ e]6b\ } ;'emfj tyf cfb]z lbg /fhgLltn] ljZj xfFs]sf] cj:yfdf cfof] . krf;sf] bzsdf nfu]sf] rLgsf] eof] . To;nfO{{ ldTYof ;flat 7"nf] ?vsf] ;]k nfUg] Tolts} 8/
yfn]sf 5g\ . u0ftGqkl5sf] klxnf] /fi6«klt x'g] df}sf ef/t / rLgsf] cfZro{hgs cfly{s lxGb–rLgL efO–efO gf/f km]l/Fbf b'O{ ug]{ sfd g]kfnsf] xf] . ljleGg klg x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfd|f]
kfPsf ofbjnfO{{ /fi6«kltsf] lr¶f g} k/]sf] xf] . /fhgLlts ljsf; b/nfO{{ klZrdsf] uDeL/ gh/ b]zaLr k|ToIf o'4;d]t eof]] . O08f]– klZrdf ;xof]u kfPsf u}/;/sf/L h:tf] d'ns ' sf] ;Qf, /fhgLltssdL{,
kl//x]sf] 5 eg] klZrdfx¿nfO{{ rfOgf Jofkf/ j[ l 4 eP tfklg ;+ : yfsf gfddf ePsf, u/] s f af} l 4s hutn] ] b' j } b] z sf]
t/ntf / bnx¿sf] emu8fsf sf/0f lr¶f h:t} u/L kfPsf] ef/t / rLgsf] of] /ˆtf/nfO{{ s;/L /fhgLlts If]qdf eg] udf{x6 cfpg sfdsf/jfxLdf wd{zfnfsf] of]hgf ;+j]bgzLntf a'em]/ s:tf] Jojxf/
of] kbnfO{{ pgn] cfˆgf] dxTjsf+Iff;Fu hf]8g\ vf]hs ] f] k|i6 /f]Sg] eGg] rf;f] / lrGtf Tolts} g;s]sf] clxn]sf] tLtf] oyf{t xf] . /x]sf], cfly{s bafa / k|nf]eg ca ub{5g\\ < eGg] cfwf/df b]zsf] efUo
a9]sf] klg 5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ tL ef/t–rLgaLrsf] ;DaGw ;'wf/df /x:osf] ljifo /x]g . To;df knfO{g / eljio klg /xG5 eGg] klg xf] .
b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] /fi6«kltnfO{{ cfn+sfl/s

r]tgfd"ns lzIff
:yfg lbPsf] 5 . t/ /fi6«klt /fdj/0f ofbj clxn] ;lqmo
/fi6«kltsf] e"ldsf vf]Hg yfn]sf 5g\ . a9\bf] ;+qmd0fsfn;Fu}
pgn] ;+ljwfgsf] dd{ / dof{bfeGbf aflx/ uP/ a9fPsf]
rnv]nn] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf ;+s6 / ;d:ofdf sfnf
afbnx¿ d8fl/Psf 5g\ . /fi6«klt ofbj ;+s6sfnsf 1fg]Gb| -d]/f] hGdsf] klxnf] lbg, klxnf] pkhsf af/]df t Tof]eGbf cufl8 g}
h:tf] aGg vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf pgsf] dxTjsf+Iff xfl;n u/]sf] lzIff dDdL cyf{t\ cfdf, cg'/f]w >]i7 ;r]t x'gk' ¥of] lg Û csf]t{ km{ lzIffsf] sdL
dnfO{{ l;sfOPsf] klxnf] zAb Tof] klg latfOP5 t . Toltsf ;do ;DemFbf x'g\ ls . pGgt afnL kmNg] pa{/ e"lddf b]lvPsf] rflxF km]l/ wd{df xf] . xfdL sf]
lgs} a9]sf] b]lvG5 . 1fg]Gb|sf] dxTjsf+Iffn] h;/L l;Ëf] c+uh]| L efiffdf . t/ hLjgdf g} klxnf] klg Oltxf;em}F nfUg] . xf]Og b]zn] 7"nf–7"nf 3/ agfP/ xfdL ljsf; ePsf] xf}F / s] xf}F < lxGb', d';ndfg, a'l4:6,
/fh;+:yfg} Oltxf; aGof] To;}u/L /fi6«kltsf] dxTjsf+Iffn] k6s klxnf] zAb Tof] klg c+uh ]| Ldf, gful/sx¿nfO{{ lsg lzlIft agfpg b]Vg] zfob r]tgfsf] g} cefjn] xf] lg lqmlZrog . wd{kl/jt{g ug{' s;}sf]
d'ns' nfO{{ s'g cj:yf k'¥ofpg] Tof] clxn] g} eGg ;Sg] cj:yfdf eg]kl5 t g]kfnLeGbf c+uh ]| L klxn] vf]H5, cjZo b]z ljsf;sf nflu g xf]Og / < lzIffsf] g} csf]{ kf6f]nfO{{ x]g{] afWotf xf]nf, Tof]rflxF km/s s'/f xf] .
l;s]5' t < d dfq xf]Og w]/,} y'kn }| ] xf] . To;f] eP c+uh ]| L hfg]/ ljsf; xf] eg] b]zsf] lbglbg}sf] ljs/fn t/ wd{uG| yrflxF xfdLn] slQsf] cWoog
5}g . oBlk of] ljifodf bnx¿ a]nd} f lhDd]jf/ aGg ;s]gg\ eg] l;s]sf] klxnf] zAb ToxL x'gk' 5{ . t/ x'G5 t < c+uh ]| L k9]sf] a]nf, csf]{ s'/f l:yltnfO{{ x]g{ ;lsG5 . d t eG5' b]zsf] u/]sf 5f}F t, oxfF xfdL w]/n} ] /fdfo0f,
d'ns ' df 7"nf] /fhgLlts b'ul{ t gxf]nf eGg ;lsFbg} . c+uh]| Ldf g} lsg t < zfob c+uh ]| L klg kl9GYof] …g]kfn s[lifk|wfg b]z xf]Ú, of] l:ylt lzIffsf] g} sdLn] ubf{ ePsf] dxfef/t k9\ge' Gbf x]//] g} hfg]sf 5f},F
k9\g,' c+uh ]| L n]Vg' / c+uh ]| L a'‰g'sf] Tof]rflxF slxn] c+uh ]| L t slxn] g]kfnL xf] . sf]xL sf+u; ]| eGb} pk|m] sf 5g\, sf]xL Tof] klg km]l/ lxGbL efiffdf / g]kfnsf]
;"rgfsf] ‘g];gn kf]6’{ agfpg] tof/L
sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/sf ;Dk"0f{ ;~rfng ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f]
cy{ lzlIft x'gs ' f] ;+st] lyof] Sof/] .
To;}n] t g]kfnL j0f{dfnf;Fu;Fu} c+uh ]| L
efiff b'jd} f kl9GYof] . t/ s[lifrflxF slxn]
klg kl9Pg . ca s'/f] cfpF5 !% jif{
sDo'lg:6 eGb} s/fPsf 5g\ . s/fpg]
/ pk|mg]x¿n] sf+u; ]| / sDo'lg:6 s] xf]
To; ;dosf] Ps dfq /fli6« o
6]lnlehgdf . xf]Og wd{ eg]sf] t
efiff klg ckl/xfo{ x'bF } uof] xfdLnfO{{ . c+uh ]| L k9]/ b]zsf clwsf+z ljBfyL{ a'em]sf t 5g\ < dnfO{{ nfU5, clwsf+zn] /fli6«otfdf ;d]t cfFr cfpg ;Sg]
;"rgfdfly ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;xh kx'r F kl/of]hgf tLg jif{ cjlwsf nflu
g]kfnL hlt jif{ kl9of] c+uh ]| L klg Tolt >d ahf/df lgl:sG5g\, h;df yf]/n } ] a'em]sf g} 5}gg\ . clg xNnf g} xNnfsf] ;+jb] gzLn s'/f xf] lg . wd{dt] ljb]zL
k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] …g];gn kf]6Ú{ agfpg] ;~rfng eO/x] klg clxn];Dd vf;}
g} jif{ kl9of] . slxn]sfxLF nfU5, c+uh ]| L dfq s[lif k9]sf / l;s]sf xf]nfg\ . of] e/df r'gfjdf ef]6 xfn]sf] 5 . sf+u; ]| efiffdf l;Sg' s] r]tgf tyf lzIffsf]
tof/L yflnPsf] 5 . …O{–ue{g]G;Ú ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g . cfof]un] O{–
lsg kl9of] / sIff ! b]lv !) ;Dd kl/k|I] odf …g]kfn s[lifk|wfg b]z xf]Ú eGg' / sDo'lg:6 t /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f cefjsf sf/0f xf]Og / . c+uh ] | L l;Sgsf
kl/of]hgfcGtu{t ;/sf/n] ;f] of]hgf ue{gG] ;;DaGwL u'?of]hgf agfO;s]sf]
clg :gfts;Dd g} c+uh ]| L k9\grflxF sltsf] hfoh xf]nf . olb g]kfn xf], ljsf; s;/L ug{k5{ b'j} ljrf/wf/fn] nflu vr{sf] :s'n] hLjgdf g} wd{nfO{
cufl8 a9fPsf] xf] . …;/sf/sf ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L lbFb} k|wfgdGqL sfof{nosf]
lsg 5fl8Pg\ . clxn] cfP/ nfU5 s[lifk|wfg b]z xf] eg] s[lifn] g} b]zsf] ;+;f/;dIf k|dfl0ft u/]/ b]vfO;s]sf] klg clgjfo{ ljifosf ¿kdf g]kfnL
sfd–sf/afxLnfO{{ Psåf/ k|0ffnLaf6 dftxtdf kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog x'g]
c+uh]| L d"ntM # sf/0fsf nflu kl9of] . cy{tGq psf:5, !% jif{ nufP/ k9]sf] 5, of] s'/f rflxF Psrf]l6 klZrd clg efiffdf :s'ndf cWofkg u/fpg' kYof]{ ]
;~rfng ug{ …g];gn kf]6Ú{ agfpg nfu]sf atfOPsf] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL lghL
-!_ klZrdL 1fg a6'Ng, -@_ klZrdL c+uh]| L efiffn] cy{tGqdf s[lifn] hltsf] csf]r { f]l6 k"j{ x]bf{ b]lvxflnG5 . s'/f cfpF5 ls, gq t efg'eStn] g]kfnLdf /fdfo0f
x, o;f] eP ;/sf/sf ;a} j]a;fO6 Joj;foLn] kl/of]hgfk|lt ;/sf/n] rf;f]
gful/s;Fu af]Ng, -#_ klZrdlt/ of]ubfg b]nf t < st} !% jif{ c+uh ]| L g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns agfj6, /Lltl/jfh, pNyf u/]sf] s] sfd nfUof] / . To;}n]
rxfg'{ kg]{ emGem6 x'bF g} . Pl;ofnL ljsf; glbPs} sf/0f pknAw /sd;d]t vr{
efl;g ca s'/f cfpF5 c+uh ]| L k9fOnfO{{ k9\gs ' f] ;§f To;sf] cfwf ;do s[lif wd{ clg ;+:s[ltn] s'grflxF ljrf/wf/fnfO{{ xfdLdf ljsf;sf nflu rflxg] r]tgfd"ns
a}s+ sf] c9fO{ s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ ug{ g;s]sf] u'gf;f] ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
lzIff eGg] ls geGg] / lzIff eGg] xf] k9\g / l;Sgdf kf] ;do latfpg'kg]{ ;xL ;lDemG5, Tof]rflxF s'/f]sf] r'/f] xf] lzIffsf] xfdLdf sdL 5 . lzIff u|x0f
a/fa/sf] ;xof]uaf6 of] kl/of]hgf cl3 …;/sf/ ljleGg cËaf6 ;+oS' t ¿kdf
eg] c+uh ]| L hfg]/ xfdL lzlIft ePs} xf] lyof] ls . clg lzIff k|0ffnLdf klg h'g lzlIftju{n] a'‰g'k5{ . s[lifnfO{{ em}F u/]/ dfq lzlIft t cjZo algFbg} ,
a9fOPsf] xf] . /fHosf ;a}If]qdf ljB'tLo sfd cufl8 a9fpg'kg{] ePsfn] sfddf
t < sIff ! b]lv !) ;Dd clg s[lifnfO{{ c+uh ]| L efiffem}F P;Pn;Lsf] /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f, k'FhLjfb / lzIffdf /x]sf] 1fg / ljBfn] r]tgfsf]
;'zf;g sfod ug]{ p2]Zo;lxt ;/sf/n] s]xL l9nfO ePsf] / u'?of]hgf th{d' fafx]s
:gfts;Dd c+uh ]| Lsf] k9fO cln a9L clgjfo{ ljifo agfpg'kg]{ kf] xf] ls . ;dfhjfb ljifonfO{{ klg t :s'n:t/df ljsf; x'g] xf] . lzIff u|x0f ug{ cufj}
9]8 jif{cl3 …O{–ue{gG] ;Ú kl/of]hgf ;'? OG6/k|fOh cfls{6S] 6;DaGwL sfo{sf]
g} ePg / < c+uh ]| L t s]jn Pp6f Tof] lzIffn] kf] ljsf;df s]xL 6]jf g} l;sfpg'k5{ lg xf]Og / < :s'n ;sfP/ r]tgfsf] kl/0ffd x]g{] h?/L 5 clg
u/]sf] lyof] . h;cGtu{t l8lh6n k|ltj]bg tof/ kfl/;lsPsf] atfOPsf]
efiff g xf] . efiff l;Sgsf nflu sIff ! k'¥ofpnf ls . cAan bf]od hUufdf sn]h hfg] ;do;Dddf t ljBfyL{x¿ ljsf; ToxL r]tgfdf lge{/ u5{ . To;}n]
x:tfIf/, ;"rgf k|ljlw xfOj], u|fdL0f 5 . kl/of]hgf ;kmn agfpg] bfloTj ;a}
b]lv !) ;Dd !) jif{ clg !! b]lv zfob s[lifsf] r]tgf / lzIffsf] cefjsf] ef]6 xfNg] pd]/sf aflnu eO;S5g\ . /fi6«n] r]tgzLn lzlIft ju{sf] kf]
6]ln;]G6/, /fli6«o kl/rokq, OG6/k|fOh ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ePsfn] PsLs[t
:gfts;Dd % jif{ hDdfhDdL !% jif{ sf/0f kf] 7"N7"nf dxn / ckf6{G] 6 ag]sf To;}n] /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f / To;sf] ptkfbg ug{k' g]{ xf] ls Û
cfls{6]Sr/nufotsf sfo{qmdx¿ sfo{qmddfkm{t\ kxn cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 .
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;/sf/n] /fi6« / hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ s]Gb|df
/fv]/ sfdx¿ cufl8 a9fO /x]sf] 5
s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df ePsf] uf]lnsf08b]lv g]kfnL /fhgLltdf 36]sf 36gf
/ kl5Nnf] ;do t/fO{ If]qdf 36]sf ljleGg xTof lx+;fx¿ ;a} b]zL
ljb]zL zlQm s]Gb|x¿ / ltgsf bnfnx¿ clxn] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] lj?4
of] xs{tx¿ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
s0ff{nL If]qnfO{ ko{6gsf] s]Gb|ljGb' agfpg ko{6g dGqfno cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
;/sf/sf tk{maf6 ePsf sdhf]/LnfO{ ;/sf/n] ;Rofpg' k5{ /
Sofl;gf] ;~rfnsx?af6 ePsf sldsdhf]/LnfO{ klg
;RofP/ cufl8 a9\g] lgZsif{ g} clxn]sf] ;xL lgZsif{ xf] .
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{, dGqL, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
) k| w fgdGqL lgjf{ l rt ePsf] clxn] of] ;/sf/sf] sfo{z}nL b]v]/ sfo{qmd Nofpg] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . cj:yf aG5 eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . / Sofl;gf] ;~rfnsx¿af6 ePsf ug]{ Ps lhDd]jf/ jl/i7 g]tf
b'O{ dlxgf k'Ug nflu ;Sbf eoÍ/ ¿kdf cQflnPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] oxL sfo{ o f] h gfaf6 ) ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!! nfO{ sldsdhf]/LnfO{ klg ;RofP/ cufl8 klg x' g ' x ' G 5, clxn] ko{ 6 g
;d] t ;/sf/n] clxn] ; Dd pgLx¿ cft+lst ePsf 5g\ . lt cft+lst eP/ ljleGg av]8f yfKg ko{ 6 g jif{ s f] ¿kdf 3f] i f0ff a9\g] lgZsif{ g} clxn]sf] ;xL lgZsif{ dGqL klg aGg' ePsf] 5,
k" 0 f{ t f kfpg ;s] s f] 5} g , tTjx¿ ;/sf/sf] of]hgf nfu" x'g k|ltlqmofjfbL tTjx¿ ;lqmo ePsf] u/] s f] 5, To;nfO{ ;kmn xf] . oxL cfwf/df cl3 a9\gsf nflu To; If] q sf] ljsf;sf] nflu
slxn] ; Dd k" 0 f{ t f kfpF 5 < glbg] u/L of] ;/sf/sf] lvnfkdf ;a}nfO{ cjut g} 5 . ;/sf/n] /fi6« kfg{ dGqfnon] s:tf] sbd d ;a}nfO{ clkn klg ub{5' . s] s:tf of] h gf agfpF b }
k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt ePsf] ldltn] nfu]sf 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df ePsf] / hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ rfln/x] s f] 5 < ) g] k fnsf] Psdfq /fli6« o x' g ' x ' G 5 <
;/sf/ u7g ePsf] b'Od { lxgf k'Ug uf]lnsf08b]lv g]kfnL /fhgLltdf cfˆgf sfdx¿ cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] ko{6g ljsf;sf] nflu ko{6g jif{ Wjhfafxs g] k fn jfo' ;] j f xfd|f] b]z ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf;sf]
nfu] klg dlGqd08n lj:tf/ ePsf] 36]sf 36gf / kl5Nnf] ;do t/fO{ 5 . ;/sf/sf] sfddf efFhf] xfNg dgfpg] eg]/ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg lgud nueu hxfh ljlxgsf] nflu k|r/' ;Defjgf ePsf] b]z xf] .
;do w]/} ePsf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] l56} If]qdf 36]sf ljleGg xTof lx+;fx¿ ljleGg tTjx¿ ljleGg if8oGqdf kl5 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf ag]sf] cj :y f df / x ] sf
s f] 5 , o ; t/ tL ;Defjgfx¿ plrt of]hgfsf]
k"0f{tf kfpF5 . To;sf] nflu ;/sf/df ;a} b]zL ljb]zL zlQm s]Gb|x¿ / nfu]sf 5g\ . To:tf if8oGqx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] cl3 ;f/]sf] of]hgf xf] . ljifodf s] ;f]Rg' ePsf] 5 < cefjdf h:tfsf] t:t} cj:yfdf /x]sf
;xefuL bnsf pRr g]tT[ j d]xgtsf ltgsf bnfnx¿ clxn] jt{dfg lrg{ g]kfnL hgtf Psh'6 x'g h?/L clxn] ko{6g jif{ ;g\ @)!! nfO{ g]kfnsf] jfo' ;]jf lgudnfO{ 5g\ . To;nfO{ s]Gb|Lo of]hgfdf NofP/
;fy nflu /xg' ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] lj?4 of] xs{ t x¿ 5 . d To;sf] nflu g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;kmn agfpg of] Jofks k|rf/k|;f/ /fli6«o Wjhfjfxs ljdfg klg elgG5, ;/sf/ dGqfnosf] Wofg ToxfF s]lGb|t
) of] ;/sf/sf] d' V o bfloTj ul//x]sf 5g\ . o:tf xs{tx¿nfO{ clkn ug{ rfxG5' . aflx/L ¿kdf ePsf] 5 . t/ leq o;sf] Tof] uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf; klg 5 . x'g'kg]{ 5 . s0ff{nL If]qdf cyfx
s] /xG5 < /f]Sg cfd g]kfnL hgtf Psh'6 x'g ) b] z ljsf;sf] nflu d] ? b08 x]bf{ xfdL cln d]xgt ug'k{ g]{ s] b]V5' Wjhfjfxs eGbf g]kfnL hgtfn] k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] e08f/ /x]sf]
of] ;/sf/ cfk}mF df g]kfnL hgtf h?/L 5 . g]kfnL hgtf ;r]t aGg dflgg ] ko{ 6 g If] q sf] eg] xfd|f] nIo k'/f ug{sf] nflu 7f]; uj{sf] cg'e"lt u5{ . lgud leq x'g] 5 . ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu
/ g]kfnL /fi6«sf] nflu gofF lhDd]jf/L h?/L 5 . ;/sf/df ;xefuL ljsf;sf] nflu tkfO{ + n ] of]hgf / uDeL/ kxn sbdLsf] yk ljleGg sf08x¿ wldhf b]lv clxn] s0ff{nL If]qdf /x]sf] ;'Gb/ tfnsf]
/ bfloTj ;lxt cfPsf] ;/sf/ xf] . u7aGwg bnx¿ aLr pRr:t/df dGqfnosf] tk{ m af6 s:tf] cfjZostf 5 . clxn] ePsf sfdn] s+;fsf/;Dd cfpFbf g]kfnL hgtf k|rf/k|;f/ tyf ljsf; x'g h?/L 5 .
of] ;/sf/sf] cufl8 d'Vo b'O{ sfo{ef/ 5nkmn / ;xdlt u/]/ cufl8 a9\g of] h gf NofpF b } x' g ' x ' G 5 < dfq ko{6g jif{nfO{ ;f]r]cg'¿k lgudsf] sfo{Joj:yf / z}nL k|lt To;sf] nflu s0ff{nL If]qnfO{ ko{6gsf]
/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f g]kfnL hgtfsf] h?/L 5 . d}n] ko{6g tyf gful/s p•og ;DkGg kfg{ ;lsFb}g . gofF 9+un] a9L lrlGtt x'G5g\ . g]kfn jfo' ;]jf s]Gb|ljGb' agfpg ko{6g dGqfno
efjgf / rfxgf cg';f/sf] ;+ljwfg ) tkfO+ { x ¿ ;/sf/df ;xefuL dGqfnosf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]kl5 xfd|f] uDeL/ eP/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . 7f]; lgudsf] jt{dfg cj:yfaf6 lrlGtt cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf] ljsf;sf]
lgdf{0f ug]{ / csf]{ kl/jt{g ;lxtsf] eP;Fu} hgtfdf s:tf] ;Gb]z d' n ' s df ko{ 6 g dGqfnosf] of]hgf lagf s'g} klg of]hgf ;kmn ;a} g]kfnL hgtf / ljleGg If]qsf nflu xfdL j[xt of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]/
zflGtnfO{ lgZs{df k'¥ofpg] d'Vo uPsf] kfpg' e Psf] 5 < cfjZostf, o;n] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ gx' g ] x' F b f 7f] ; of] h gf agfP/ k|ltlglwx¿ h;n] lrGtf ug'{ ePsf] cufl8 a9\g] of]hgf agfO/x]sf 5f}F .
lhDd]jf/L of] ;/sf/sf] cufl8 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ ;/sf/df ;xefuL e" l dsf / To;sf] nflu xfd| f ] tbf?stfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g ;Sg] 5, pxfFx¿sf] lrGtfnfO{ b[9tfsf ;fy ) cGTodf yk s]xL eGg rfxg'
h'g zflGtn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf eP;Fu} g]kfnL hgtfdf ;sf/fTds dGqfnosf] ;du{ wf/0ff, /fli6«o of]hgf xf] eg] ko{6g jif{n] ;fy{stf kfpg]df ;Daf]wg ug]{ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmddf x'G5 <
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;d]t ug'k{ 5{ . ;Gb]z uPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] / To;;DaGwL kxnsbdL lng h?/L s'g} z+sf /xFb}g . / ;du| g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] clxn] d'n'ssf] /fhgLlt cToGt}
oL bfloTjx¿ eg]sf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtdf s]xL sfd ug{ vf]h]sf] 5 . x'G5 . of] dfly pNn]lvt ljifonfO{ ) Sofl;gf] s f] ljifodf Jofks ljsf;sf] ;Gb]z cufl8 a9\g] ;f]rfO ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .
lxtnfO{ ;jf]{kl/ /fVg] bfloTj xf] . ;/sf/n] pmhf{ ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff u/]/ lnP/ d}n] of] Ps dlxgfsf] lardf ljjfb l;h{ g f ePsf] 5, d}n] agfPsf] 5' . oxL g} clxn]sf] ;/sf/sf] lhDd]jf/L klg gofF 5 .
h'g bfloTj lnP/ of] ;/sf/ ag]sf] To;nfO{ xn ug{ Pp6f lj:t[t of]hgf cWoog ug]{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ tk{m clg Sofl;gf ] ;~rfnsx¿n ] cfjZostf xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfd|f] ;/sf/ / ljz]if
5 To;n] hgtfdf pT;fx k} b f ;lxt cfˆgf] wf/0ff ;d]t ;fj{hlgs a9L s]lGb|t eP . clxn] dnfO{ s] /fHonfO{ /fhZj glt/]sf] s'/f o;sf] nflu xfdL of]hgfa4 9+un] u/]/ xfd|f] dGqfnosf] klxnf] wf/0ff
u/fPsf] 5 . zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] dfnf ul/;s]sf] 5 . gofF ;/sf/ ag];Fu} cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 eg] k|s[lts klg aflx/ cfO/x] s f] 5, cufl8 a9\b5f}F . lgudnfO{ u'0ffTds cfd g]kfnL hgtfdf o; dxTjk"0f{
hk]/ d'ns ' nfO{ k'/fg} /fHo Joj:yfdf hgtfdf kl/jt{gsf] dx;'; u/fpg ¿kdf xfd|f] b]z ;'Gb/ 5 t/ dfgjLo o;nfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug] { ¿kn] o;nfO{ gofF 7fpFdf k'¥ofpg] klqsfdfk{mt\ lbg] jftfj/0f h'g
sfod /fv] / d' ¶ Le/ dfG5] s f gofF gLlt tyf sfo{qmd Nofpg'k5{ cfjZostfaf6 xfd|f] ;dfhsf] lxtdf ;f]Rg' ePsf] 5 < clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] To;nfO{ k'/f cj;/ lbg' eof] To;sf] nflu o;
:jfy{l;4 ug]{ vfnsf] ;+ljwfg agfpg] eg]/ of] ;/sf/n] Tof] k|lqmofnfO{ b"t| k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfnfO{ k|of]u ug{sf] Sofl;gf] ljjfb cln cufl8 b]lv ug{ dGqfno nflu kg]{ 5 . klqsfnfO{ wGojfb lbG5', k|ultsf]
zflGtnfO{ d'¶Le/ dfG5]sf] lxtdf ¿kdf cufl8 a9fO/x] s f] 5 . nflu PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] lj1fg / rlncfPsf] ljjfb xf] . Sofl;gf]sf] ) tkfO+{ s0ff{nL If]qaf6 g]t[Tj sfdgf ub{5' .
k|of]u ug]{ p2]Zo af]ss ] f s]xL tTjx¿ hgtfnfO{ k|ToIf ;Daf]wg x'g] vfnsf] k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu hf]8]/ cufl8 ljifodf ;+;b\sf] ;fj{hlgs n]vf
a9\g h?/L 5 . To;sf/0f g]kfnsf] ;ldltn] Pp6f 5nkmn u/]/ lg0f{o
dfgjLo cfjZostfaf6 xfd|f] ;dfhsf] lxtdf ko{6g ljsf;sf] nflu /fli6«o of]hgf u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgod tyf zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] dfnf hk]/ d'ns' nfO{ k'/fg}
k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfnfO{ k|of]u ug{sf] nflu aGg cfjZos 5 . Tof] of]hgfdf l;Ëf]
b]z / ljz]ift xfd|f] dGqfno s]lGb|t
k|lqmofdf l;Ëf] /fi6« rNg'k5{ . ;a}
Sofl;gf] Joj;foL tyf cGo
/fHo Joj:yfdf sfod /fv]/ d'¶Le/ dfG5]sf
PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] eP/ cufl8 a9\ g ] xf] . cfd Jojf;foLx¿ klg ToxL ;/sf/sf] gLlt :jfy{l;4 ug]{ vfnsf] ;+ljwfg agfpg]
hgtfnfO{ of]hgfdf kl/rfng ug]{ xf] lgod cg';f/ rNg'k5{ . ;/sf/
ljsf;;“u hf]8]/ cufl8 a9\g h?/L 5 . eg] g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]q dgf]/~hgsf] Joj;foLx¿aLr ePsf] ;xdlt zflGtnfO{ d'¶Le/ dfG5]sf] lxtdf k|of]u ug]{
To;sf/0f g]kfnsf] ko{6g ljsf;sf] nflu If]q dfq} x'g] 5}g . of] gofF g]kfnsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/ / Joj;foL
p2]Zo af]ss
] f s]xL tTjx¿ clxn] of]
gofF /fHo Joj:yfdf dxTjk"0f{ cfly{s b'a} tof/ x'g'k5{ . ;/sf/n] a]Odfg
/fli6«o of]hgf aGg cfjZos 5 . cfwf/ x'g;S5 . xfd|f] d'n'sdf ug{ kfpFbg} / Joj;foLx¿n] klg
;/sf/sf] sfo{zn } L b]v/] eoÍ/ ¿kdf
ljBdfg /x] s f] a] / f] h uf/Lsf] To;nfO{ gsf/fTds ¿kdf lng] /
;d:ofnfO{ xn ug{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{
If]q ko{6g x'g;S5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf
a'‰g ug'{ x'Fb}g . ;/sf/ / Odfgbf/
x'g] / a]Odfg ug]{x¿nfO{ lgoGq0f
cQflnPsf 5g\ .
;/sf/sf] gLlt lgod tyf k|lqmofdf l;·f] /fi6« ;fdfGo :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] cefjdf ug]{ bfloTj ;/sf/ xf] . ;/sf/ g}
Hofg u'dfpg k'us ] f hgtfnfO{ u|fdL0f a]Odfg eof] eg] x'g] ;a} v/faL ToxL
rNg'k5{ . ;a} Sofl;gf] Joj;foL tyf cGo :jf:Yo ko{6gsf] ljsf; u/]/ u|fdL0f a]OdfgLsf] sf/0f df}nfpF5g To;nfO{
If]qdf :jf:Yo ;]jf ;d]t k'¥ofpg lgoGq0f ug]{ x}l;ot g} ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]q dgf]/~hgsf] If]q
Jojf;foLx¿ klg ToxL ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgod ;lsg] cj:yf 5 . ko{6g;Fu g]kfnsf] u'dfpF5 . of] ;/sf/ gofF lhDd]jf/L dfq} x'g] 5}g . of] gof“ g]kfnsf] gof“ /fHo
cg';f/ rNg'k5{ . ;/sf/ Joj;foLx¿aLr jfo' ;]jf klg hf]l8Psf] x'gfn] jfo' / cfjZostfsf] nflu ag]sf] ;/sf/
ePsf] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/ /
;]jfnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o kx'r F / k|lt:wf{sf] x' g fn] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] bfloTj Joj:yfdf dxTjk"0f{ cfly{s cfwf/
tx;Dd k' ¥ ofpg cfjZos 5 . lhDd]jf/k"0f{ 9+un] k"/f ug'{k5{ /
Joj;foL b'a} tof/ x'gk' 5{ . ;/sf/n] a]Odfg To;sf] nflu dGqfnon] ;Sbf] k|of; Sofl;gf] ;~rfns Joj;foLx¿n] klg x'g;S5 . xfd|f] d'ns ' df ljBdfg /x]sf]
ug]{ 5 . ca sf] xfd|f] of]hgf dGqfno ;/sf/k|lt lgjf{x ug'k{ g]{ e"ldsf klg
ug{ kfpFbg
} / Joj;foLx¿n] klg To;nfO{ / ;/sf/sf] of]hgfdf s]lGb|t ug'k{ 5{ lgjf{x ug'{k5{ . To;f] x'g ;Sof] eg] a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:ofnfO{ xn ug{ Pp6f
eGg]df xfdL k'us ] f 5f}F . o;f] x'g;Sof] Sofl;gf]df b]lvPsf ;d:of xn dxTjk"0f{ If]q ko{6g x'g;S5 .
gsf/fTds ¿kdf lng] / a'‰g] ug'{ x'bF g } . eg] hgtfn] u/]sf] ck]IffnfO{ Pskl5 x'G5g\ . ;/sf/sf tk{maf6 ePsf
csf]{ ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ub}{ hfg ;Sg] sdhf]/LnfO{ ;/sf/n] ;Rofpg' k5{
/fatOfc t]u )@ tr} nf; &^)@ 4

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vl:sPsf] zflGt;'/Iff / v'nf l;dfgf ljlrq ;+;f/
;+;f/ abNg] & j]j;fO6x¿
zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ ;fy{s lgisif{df Ps b]zsf gful/s csf]{ b]z hfg]
k'¥ofpg] tyf ;dod} hgtf clwsf/ /f]zg sfk\mn] k/Lkf6L aGb ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/n] != ljsLk] l 8of
;DkGg x'g] gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L vf]n cf]9s ] f ltgsf dltof/x¿ ;a} af]ss ] f lav08gsf/L x'g\ eGg] k|:6 lglZrt s]xL eG;f/ tyf gfsfx¿df ;'?jftM !% hgj/L @))!
kl/jt{g ;+:yfut ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ cft+ssf/L g} x'g,\ tL ;a}nfO{ plrt ePsf] 5 . oL b'i6x¿n] dw]znfO{ lgs} s8f ;'/Iff Joj:yf;lxt cfjt– lgdf{tfM lhDdL jfn];, Nof/L ;}+u/
sfdx¿ yftL g} 5g\\ . hgtfsf rfxgf ;hfo lbg}k5{ . lj:tf/jfbLsf] z/0fdf ;fFlRrs} hDd'–sf:dL/sf] xfntdf hfjtsf] Joj:yf ub}{ v'nf ;Ldf efiffM @$)
tyf b]zsf cfjZostf Psflt/ 5g\\ uP/ lj:tf/jfbL dWo:ytfdf k'¥ofpFb} 5g\,\ tyfslyt dw]zjfbL tTsfn l;n ug'k{ 5{ . t/fO{sf x/]s hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] ;j{>]i7 dfWod xf] ljsLk]l8of . cfh s'g}
t/ ;/sf/df /xFbf;Dd hgtfsf cft+ssf/Lx¿;Fu unf ldnfpFb} b]z eGb} logsf] e¥ofª ag]sf lgbf]i{ f dw]zL lhNnf tyf sf7df8f}F pkTosfd} ;d]t klg ljifodf cfwfl/t vf]h ug{';\ klxnf] ln+s tkfO{+n] ljsLk]l8ofs} kfpg'
clwsf/, zflGt tyf ;+ljwfgsf] tx;gx; kfg]{ of]hgf agfP/ cfPsf hgtf g} oL b':6x¿sf] klxnf] l;sf/ ;'/IffsdL{sf] ;+Vof gk'us ] f s'/fx¿ x'g]5 . ljsLk]l8ofsf] cfudgcl3 klg cgnfO{g O;f{Snf]k]l8of t s}of}+
;jfndf d/]sf] nfz aa{/ eP/ a:g] b'i6x¿sf] e|d0f, ltgLx¿ a;]sf aGb}5g\\ . ;f]Rg' kg]{ dw]zL hgtfn] cfO/x]sf 5g\,\ hgzlQm sd ePsf lyP t/ tL ;a}df sd} dfq hfgsf/L x'g] ub{Yof] / ltgLx¿sf] k|of]u klg
tyfslyt dw]zL g]tfx¿ ;/sf/af6 :yfgx¿, ltgLx¿n] s;s;n], sxfF– xf], ljrf/ ug'k{ g]{ dw];L hgtfn] xf], s'/fx¿ cfO/x]sf 5g\,\ ca l9nf gu/L sl7g lyof] . t/ ljsLk]l8ofsf] cfudg;Fu} k"/} kl/l:yltdf kl/jt{g cfof] .
aflxl/g' kbf{sf] kL8f ;xg g;sL sxfF / s;–s;nfO{ e]6] < eGg] s'/fsf] ;k{nfO{ b"w lknfP/} /fv] klg 8:bfv]/L /fHosf] g'gkfgL vfP/ SofG6f]Gd]G6df ljsLk]l8of Pp6f lgMz'Ns 1fgsf]if xf] . o;nfO{{ s'g} klg JolStn] ;Dkfbg
cIfDo ck/fwx¿ ul//x]sf 5g\\ . alnof] k|df0f h'6fpg g]kfnL ;'/IffsdL{ jif} 5f8\5 eGg] ;To cfddw];L a;]sf hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ;d]t b]z ug{ ;Sb5 / nfvf}F :jod\;j] ssf sf/0f x/]s lbg o;sf] 1fgsf]ifsf] prfO
/fi6«3ftL u2f/x¿sf] u2f/Lsf] d"No nfUg'k5{ . ha;Dd j}wflgstfsf] vf]n hg;d'bfox¿n] a'‰g l9nf ug'{ x'bF g} . tyf hgtfsf] Ho'wgsf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDdf sof}F u'gf al9/x]sf] 5 . cfhef]ln of] 1fgsf]if c+u|]hLdf dfq geP/
lgbf]{if ;j{;fwf/0fx¿n] r'sfpg' cf]9s ] f cft+sjfbLx¿nfO{ sf/jfxL x'bF g} clxn] dw];sf] /fhgLlt u/]sf 5f}F lbg'k5{ . s/Lj Ps nfvsf] ;+Vofdf g]kfnLnufot x/]s efiffdf pknJw 5 .
kl//x]sf] 5 . xf] s]xL lbgotf t/fO{sf ta;Dd ca}w ¿kdf e"ldut ¿kdf eGg]x¿ ;du|df la:tf/jfbL v]tfnf /x]sf] ;]gfnfO{ ;n{Ss b]zsf] ;Ldf @= x6d] n
lhNnfx¿df ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf xTof, lx+;f tyf cft+s dRrfpg]x¿ g} x' g \ , lav08gjfbL, b] z 3ftL ;'/Ifsf] lhDdf lbg'k5{, To;f] ubf{ ;'?jftM $ h'nfO{{ !((^
;fwgx¿df z+vnfa4 ad la:kmf]6 dfly sf/jfxL x'g ;Sb}g . clxn] u2f/x¿ g} x'g,\ kl5Nnf] r/0f;Dd lj:tf/jfbL cltqmd0f dfq} /f]lsFbg} , lgdf{tfM zAaL/ efl6of / cGo
u/fpFb} bh{gf}F lgbf]i{ f ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L cfOk' U bf logLx¿ cft+ s sf/Lsf t:s/L lgoGq0f x'G5, cj}w xltof/sf] clwu|x0fM dfOqmf];ˆ6
cËeË ckfË agfpg] , xhf/f} F ;fwgx¿df e}/x]sf z[v + nfa4 kf;ljs dltof/;d]t ePsf 5g\\ . cf];f/k;f/ aGb x'G5 . lj:tf/jfbL cfhsf] gofF lkF9Ln] of] gfd klxrfg u?g\ jf klxrfgsf nflu Wofg
hgtfnfO{ cft+lst agfpg] tyf s]xL xdnfx¿df hlt lhDd]jf/ e"ldut lj:tf/jfbL 3';k}7 tyf cfofltt e"lddf a;]/ g]kfnsf] v'nf l;dfgfsf] glbpg\ t/ x6d]nn] s'g} ;do Od]nsf] kl/efiff g} ablnlbPsf] lyof] .
lgbf]i{ f ;j{;fwf/0fsf] xTof;d]t ug]{ h'g cft+ssf/L ;~hfnx¿ 5g\,\ Tolt g} gjg]kfnLx¿;Fu /fHo e'ms]sf] sf/0f kmfObf p7fpFb} l;Ëf] t/fO{nfO{ /0fd}bfg x6d]neGbf klxnf Od]n ug]{ / Od]n k|fKt ug]{ b'n{e sfo{ lyof] . cgnfOg
cTofGt} q'm/ tyf kf;ljs cft+ssf/L lhDd]jf/ lbNnL k'u/] dflns u'xfg]{ cfh b]z o;/L sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . agfpFb} /utsf] vf]nf] aufO/x]sf Od]n KnfOG6 ;ˆ6j]o/ pknJw lyPg . tkfO{ ha Od]nnfO{{ cfˆgf] Ps
cfqmd0fx¿ ePsf 5g\,\ o;sf] >]o tyf cft+ssf/Lx¿;Fu ;fF7ufF7 ug]x{ ¿ sf]xL, st} ;'/lIft 5}gg\ . ef/tLo cfk/flws hTyf tyf kL;Ldf 8fpgnf]8 ug{'x'GYof] ta l/df]6 ;e{/af6 Tof] l8n]6 x'g] ub{Yof]
ltg} u2f/x¿nfO{ hfG5 h;n] ;Qfaf6 5g\\ . /, hlt lhDd]jf/ logLx¿ 5g\,\ u'Ktr/ ;+:yf …/Ú sf sd{rf/Lx¿ cft+sjfbLx¿sf x/]s ultljlw aGb cyf{t\ Pp6f Od]n Ps :yfgdf dfq x]g{ ;lsGYof] . x6d]nn] j]ed]nsf]
x6\gk' /]sf] kL8fdf lbNnLsf] z/0fdf Tolt g} lhDd]jf/ ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb g]kfnel/ jgdf/f emf8L;/L km}lnPsf x'G5g\\ . ;]gfnfO{ l;dfgfdf t}gfy ugf{ ;'?jft u¥of] . x6d]nnfO{{ s'g} klg kL;Ldf a|fph ug{ ;lsGYof] . s'g}
k'u/] af/Daf/ x:tIf]ksf] levdfu], 5 . g]kfnsf b'Zdg tyf g]kfn 5g\ \ . tTsfnLg ;f+ ; b ;fy ;z:q k|x/L;d]t zflGt;'/Iffsf] Od]nnfO{{ sof}F :yfgaf6 vf]Ng ;lsGYof] . zAaL/ efl6of / s]xL cGo
oL h3Go ck/fwx¿sf] >]o ltg} 6' q \ m ofpg] ;kgf ;fF r ] / a;] s f ldhf{lbn;fbj]ub]lv sf/uf/sf08 sfddf kl/rflnt x'g kfpF5 h;sf] JolStsf] of] vf]hn] Od]n ug{] tf}/tl/sfd} abnfj Nofof] . kl5 dfOqmf];ˆ6n]
/fi6«3ftLx¿nfO{ hfG5 h;n] ljb]zL cft+ s sf/Lx¿nfO{ cf>o lbg] , cyjf cG;f/Ldfly uf]nL k|xf/;Ddsf sf/0f /fHon] s/Lj b'O{ nfv ;'/IffsdL{ x6d]n lsGof] / clxn] of] a|f08 ;dfKt eO;Sof] . To;sf] :yfg dfOqmf];ˆ6
e"lddf uP/ ljb]zL dWo:ytfdf b]zdf ltgLx¿nfO{ xftxltof/sf] Joj:yf ;Dk"0f{ 36gfx¿ ef/tLo u'Ktr/ tyf kfn]/ klg hgzlQm cefj eGg'kg]{ nfO{e d]nn] lnPsf] 5 . t/, x6d]nsf] ofb dflg;x¿ clxn] klg ub{5g\ .
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cft+ssf/L b'i6x¿nfO{ e]6/] o:tf cfly{ s ;| f ] t dfq lj:tf/jfbn] P;6LPkmsf] ;+oQ' m kxndf ePsf 5g\\ . r]nLa]6Lsf] ;DaGw eGb} v'nf l;dfgfsf] ;'?jftM $ km]a|'c/L @))$
of]hgfx¿ agfP . r}q !! b]lv !$ h' 6 fOlbPsf] 5} g ls clxn] t o;aLrdf s/Lj Ps bh{g hlt xTof cj}w kmfObf p7fpg] ck/fwLx¿nfO{ lgdf{tfM dfs{hs/ju{ km];a's
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lhNnfdf ofq'afxs ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L tyfslyt dw]zjfbL elgg]x¿nfO{ lgzfgf r'ss ] } sf/0f 3fOt] cj:yfdf zflGt;'/Iff, cdgr}g sfod ug{sf] b]zdf t o;n] u'unnfO{{ klg pl5g]/ ;a}eGbf nf]slk|o ;fO6sf] uf}/j
;fwgx¿df ul/Psf cft+ s sf/L ;d]t pg} cft+ssf/Lx¿;Fu ldnfOlbg], afF r ] s f 5g\ \ eg] tL b' i 6x¿sf] nflu d'Vo sfo{ eg]sf] cJojl:yt v'nf klg k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5 . km];a'ssf k|of]ustf{x¿ s/f]8f}s F f] ;+Vofdf 5g\ /
xdnfdf k/L sl/j $# hgf lgbf]i{ f ;xsfo{sf] jftfj/0f agfOlbg] / h;/L lgzfgfdf sf]–sf] 5g\\ / slta]nf ;Ldf aGb ug'{ k5{ . v'nf ;Ldf aGb s}of}F dflg;sf] t lbg / /ft km];a'sd} laTg] u/]sf] 5 . t/ km];a's klxnf]
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ut] laxfg;Dddf Pshgfsf] pkrf/s} of]hgfx¿ agfOlbPsf] 5 . gLlt g} qf;afx]s c¿ s]xL 5}g . ef/tLo cf];f/k;f/ aGb x'G5, xftxltof/sf] g} kl/jt{g ul/lbof] . km];a'sn] y8{kf6L{ PlKns]zgx¿nfO{{ dGh'/L lbP/
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lhDd]jf/L h'g;'s} e'm08 jf hTyfn] :jfy{ k"/f ug{sf] nflu, g]kfnsf] ck/fwLn] k];j] / xTof/fx¿ k|of]u u/]/ x'G5, rf]/L, t:s/L tyf /fh:j 5nL lsgeg] p;n] cfkm"nfO{{ ;docg';f/ kl/jt{g ub}{ uof] .
lnP klg oL cfqmd0f :jtGq tyf cl:tTjdfly r'gf}tL lbgsf] nflu o;/L oL ;Dk"0f{ 36gfx¿ u/fPsf] xf] eGg] aGb x'G5, ;Ldf cltqmd0f aGb x'G5 $= 6\ j L6/
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ljutb]lv dw]zsf] gfddf xTof / dfq xf]Og ljZj g} hfgsf/ 5 . oL s} b Ln] k| z f;gsf] ldn] d tf] l agf lbNnLaf6 xltof/;lxt sf7df8f}F s] ;dfh;]jL, s] wd{'?, s] cfd gful/s . cfh ;a}h;f] 6\jL6/df
cft+ssf] z[+vnf rnfpFb} cfPsf ;Dk" 0 f{ ck/fwx¿;d] t ljuts} cfkmGtnfO{ ;d]t e]6g\ ;Sb}g eg] cfP/ lbgbfxf8} xTof / lx+;fsf] z[v + nf pkl:yt 5g\ . !$) cIf/sf ;fy tkfO{ ;+;f/e/;Fu hf]l8g ;Sg' x'G5 .
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;ef;b\ ePsfx¿ a/fa/ bf]ifL x'g,\ u|fG8l8hfOgcGtu{t g} ePsf x'g\ . rnfPsf] xf] eGbf ljZjf; ug]{ s]xL Ps dfq pkfo eg]sf] ;Ldf jojl:yt pQ/ klg kfpg] u/L . of] 6\jL6/s} sdfn xf], h;n] cfd / ljz]ifsf] e]b
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ck/fwLn] s]xL ug}{ ;Sb}g . ;Qf tyf ;dfof]hg;lxt zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ ;fy{s s;}n] o:tf asjf;df ljZjf; ub}g{ . x'g] ;Dk"0f{ cfjt–hfjt aGb ug]{ hf]l8g rfxG5 . ;+;f/e/sf] ;/sf/sf ;/sf/x¿ of] ;]jfb]lv 8/fpg
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tytslyt dw]zjfbLx¿ ToxL kL8fsf] ¿kfGt/0f;lxt ;d'Ggt g]kfnsf] nflu ;/sf/n] :k:6 gLlt, lgod rnfpg] g} xf] . /fHo s8f ¿kdf va/ ;+;f/sf] s'gfs'gfdf k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . 6\jL6/ cfh hLjgsf] Pp6f
56k6Ldf lj:tf/jfbb] l v lgdf{0f ug]{ g]kfnLsf] rfxgfdfly th'd{ f ug'k{ 5{ . b]zaf6 ljb]z e|d0fdf k|:t't x'gk} 5{ . v'nf ;Ldf ePs} sf/0f dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f ag]sf] 5 .
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ldnfpg tyf b]z aaf{b kfg]{ s}of}F x'g\ . lj:tf/jfb g]kfn tyf g]kfnL tyfslyt /fhgLltsf] vf]n cf]9s ] f ;+Vof;d]t u[x k|zf;g tyf k//fi6« ;'?jftM km]a|'c/L @))%
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x:tfIf/ u/]s} sf/0f laut s]xL kIfdf slxNo} lyPg, clxn] 5}g, / ;DalGwt 7fpFdf u/fP/ lglZrt cf]Ol/Psf 3";k}7x¿n] xfdL g]kfnsf] clwu|x0f M u'un -@))^_
dlxgfb]lv zfGt /x]sf] t/fO{df ef]ln klg x'g] 5}g . o;kfnL ePsf p2]Zosf] nflu dfq ljb]z hfg] gful/s aGg kfpg'k5{, xfdLnfO{ o'6\o'jn] dgf]/~hgsf] cy{ g} kl/jt{g ul/lbof] . o'6\o'jeGbf klxnf
PsfPs xTof, lx+;f tyf cft+ssf] oL h3Go ck/fwx¿n] ubf{ dw]zjfbL kl/kf6L a;fNg'k5{ . lglZrt s]xL lagfs'g} emGem6 gful/stf lbg'k5{ cgnfO{g lel8of] x]g{ ;lsg] /fd|f] dfWod lyPg . o'6o\ j' sf] ;'?jft ha eof]
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ug]{ ck/fwLx¿ tyf j}wflgstfsf] cnu–cnu eP klg Pp6} lgot r]shfFr kf; u/]/afx]s cGoqaf6 e'msfpg' ToxL v'nf l;dfgfsf] kl/0fd of] ;fO6 rNb}g . lsgeg] nfdf nfdf lel8of] dflg;x¿n] s;/L x]g]{ 5g\ <
xf] . v'nf l;dfgf g]kfnsf] lxtdf 5}g, dflg;x¿ cfˆgf] ;fO6df lel8of] cknf]8 ub}g{ lyP lsgls o;af6 pgLx¿sf]
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ckgfpg'k5{ 7Ls ToxL k|lqmof ef/t cknf]8 ug{ ;lsGYof] / To;nfO{{ s'g} klg ;fO6df /fVg klg ;lsGYof] .
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zflGt;'/Iff sfod x'g ;Sb}g . cyf{t\ u'un . olta]nf dflg;x¿ ef}lts ;fdu|L x/fP klg emlSsP/
t/fO{df a;]sf cfk"mnfO{ g]kfnL eGg u'undf vf]hL ug{ hfg] a]nf eO;s]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿ eG5g\, s'g} hfgsf/L
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gu/]sf eP cfh g]kfn b]z l;lSsddf u'dfPsf] zlQm dfcf]jfbLnufot kmls{g] lalQs} æjfdkGyL df]rf{sf lj?4 5fkfdf/ z}nLdf NofPsf] ah]6 sfFu; ]| Wofg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0ftk{m hfg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg
bh{ eO;s]sf] x'g] lyof] . Oltxf;df jf:tljs /fi6«jfbLx¿n] sfFw yfk]/ nf]stflGqs df]rf{Æ eGg] d"ndGq NofP . sfo{stf{ kfNg] / g]tfsf] Jofkf/ ug]{
rf]/ eufOsf] ememNsf]n] To;/L xft hf]ufP . a'l4, ;fx; / tfst ;w}eF l/ k+y ;'jyf / sfFu; ]| cof]lht ¿kdf lyof] . cfh p;n] k"/s ah]6df ljlw,
kfpg] ;Defjgf lgs} sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . oxL df}sfdf xfd|f] d'n'ssf]
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tGsfP/, hnfP/, cfly{s, /fhg}lts cfjZostfdf, plrt ;dodf / ljifo hgtfsf] d'lQmsf lj/f]wLx¿nfO{ ef/t sfFu; ]| n] k|ltkIfsf] ;Nnfx / ;xof]u 5 . oxfFsf] JofKt cl:y/tf, cGof}ntf Pj+ t/ntfsf] kmfObf p7fO j}b]lzs
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u/]/ dfq c;kmn /fi6« aGg] / :ofnn] bf];|f]r/0fsf] r'gfjsf] ;'? lbgdf cfpg] ;+ljwfg hnfOg] / b]zdf s]==s]Æ dfGotfnfO{ n+uf}6L nufPsf] xf]Og < a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ d'n'sdf yk ;+s6sf] cj:yf b]vfkg{ k'u]sf]
l;gf]n5' ] e}m n'5g\ ;lsg] lg:sif{ ;lxt b]vfk¥of] . df3 @) ut]sf] r'gfj ug]{ pb\3f]if u/] . pgLx¿sf] nf]stflGqs ljifosf] ulx/fO;Dd gk'uL /fi6«;j] s 5 . xfd|f] d'n'sdf j}b]lzs zlQm s]Gb|x¿sf] rnv]n a9\g' k5fl8 k"0f{
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al9/x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o :jflwgtf / kfgL r9fpg] :t/df k' u ] s f ltxfO{sf] ;+ljwfg gdfGg] s'/fsf] pb\3f]if tl/sf zflGt ;+ljwfg / lgdf{0f ug]{ jf k'/fg} z}nL Voftfx¿ cfh klg ljb]zL zlQmsf] rnv]nsf] nflu ;xof]uL
;+3Lo u0ftGqsf nflu dfcf]jfbL k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿sf] ;f]rfOdf o;kfnL kl5 t/fO{sf e"ldut ;+u7gsf wdfwd aGg nfu]sf] ;+ljwfg layf]Ng] c¿ s;}sf] ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf af/Daf/ x:tIf]k ub}{ cfPsf] ef/tLo
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;dfKt kfg{ vf]hs ] f] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb l8hfOg klxnf] r'gfjdf ;a}nfO{ n8fpg], Iflt ePsf 5g\ . ;sf/fTds ;+st] b]vfkb}{ ubf{ zflGtk"0f{ a9\g' k5fl8 oxfFs} :jfyL{ /fhgLltsf] xft /x]sf] 5 . /fhgLltsf] g]t[Tjdf
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zflGtsf] axfgfdf kl5 x6]sf] s'/f cfh gfddf dtNofpg]nfO{ cufl8 a9fPdf r'gfjsf] lbg eg]sf lyP æk|r08n] x'bF fx'bF } ad k8\lsg zflGt sfod ug]{
k'us] f s]xL bnx¿ g]kfnL hgtfk|lt eGbf ef/tLo ;+:yfkg kIfk|lt jkmfbf/
v'nf;f ePsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ul/Fb} sfFu;] | nfO{ klg cfp6 ug]{ / t];f| ] r/0fdf pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnO{ emngfynfO{ jf ljyf]Ng] s] xf] < eOlbFbf oxfFsf] /fhgLltdf ef/tLo 5fofF kg{ uPsf] xf] .
cfPsf if8oGqx¿ Pskl5 csf]{ ¿kdf dfcf]jfbL / kmf]/d uR5bf/ afsL /xFbf ;dy{g u/]/ 7"nf] e"n -zAb lal;{of]_ b]zdf o;/L lj:tf/jfbn] ufFh/] b]zsf] :jfy{nfO{ ltnf~hnL lbFb} cfˆgf] JolQmut clei6 k"/f ug{
kbf{kmf; eO{ c;kmn eO;s]kl5 sfFu; ]| nfO{ of]hgfa4 tyf Pdfn]nfO{ u/]sf 5g\ / o;sf] d"Noef/L kg]{ 5 .Æ ;dfKt kfg]{ l:yltdf klg /fli6«o ljb]zL zlQmsf] u'nfdL ug{ ;d]t oxfFsf /fhgLlts bnx¿ kl5 k/]gg\ .
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cfwf/ ;/sf/ lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ k]mnf u/]/ ljho uR5bf/ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] a'‰g] < g]kfnnfO{ cfˆgf] jkf}lt 7fGg] lj8Dagf xf] . Toltdfq geP/ kf6L{ ;xof]u / ;dy{gdf /fhgLlt ug]{ /fhgLlts kf6L{ / tLgsf g]t[Tj xfd|f]
kfl/of] . ;xdlto k|0ffnlsf] cGtl/d of]hgf ag]sf] lyof] eGg] s'/f uR5bf/sf] lj:tf/jfbL ef/tn] g]kfnsf] pGglt, leq} klg ef/t, s;sf] rl/q / p;sf d'n'sdf ju{]NtL 5g\ . ef/tk|lt jkmfbf/ tL bnx¿ dw]; /fhgLltsf]
;+ljwfgnfO{ :jfy{sf] lglDt ax'dltodf /f]bg / cfqmf]zk"0f{ efiff /]s8{ xf]nf :yfloTj / ;DkGg ePsf] b]Vg ;Sb}g . xs{tnfO{ gh/ cGbfh u/]/ æce}m klg gfddf b]z ljv08g ug{]tk{m nfu]sf] ;a}nfO{ cjut g} 5 . s]xL ;do
kl/0ft u/]sf /fi6«3fltx¿n] ax'dlto ;'g] yfxf x'G5 . k|r08 / emngfysf] g]kfnL hgtfn] ha ha zflGt, :yfloTj Tolt w]/} gu/]sf]Æ ts{ klg s]xL cl3dfq /fli6«o hgzlQm kf6L{sf cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf gofF lbNnL k'u]/
cgGt k|lqmofdf ysfpg] / c;kmn lg0f{o Ifdtf cGo bnx¿sf] ljZjf;n] / k|ultsf] sbd rfNg vf]H5 Ps of g]tfx¿sf] 5 . /fhb"t efif0f ub}{ lxF8g\ ,] kms{g gEofpFb} ;+oQ' m nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{ cfj4 bnsf dw];L g]tfx¿
;+ljwfg;ef tyf cGtdf c;kmn /fi6«sf] ef/tLo of]hgf rsgfr"/ eof] . csf]{ 9+un] cj/f]w NofPsf] Oltxf; b]lv s]xL kf6L{x¿ tfln k8\sfpFb} lxF8g\ ,] lbNnL k'u]/ t/fO{df ljleGg ljt08f dRrfO/x]sf hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQm
kl/sNkgf u/]sf lyP . o;sf] nflu h'ga]nf ef/tLo of]hgf rf}k6 eof], jt{dfgsf 36gfn] k|i6 kf/]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGo sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf / a9'jf, ljB't df]rf{sf hos[i0f uf]Ot hgtflGqs d'lQm df]rf{sf Hjfnfl;+x, d'lQm 6fOu;{sf
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lg:t/ t6:ytf clg jf b'Ol{ txfO{sf] vf]Hof] . jfdklGy, k|ultzLn, b]zeQm :jflwgtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, cv08tf, k|ltlglwsf] ;/sf/n] cfk}mF ug{ g;Sg]
hulbz clwsf/L …/fhgÚ nufPtsf;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ kms]{ nut} t/fO{sf
ehg ufpg nufP . / c;ln nf]stGqjfbLx¿sf] alnof] df]rf{ zflGt tyf pGgltsf lj?4df x/]s cj:yf x'bF f klg g]kfnsf /fhgLlts lhNnfx¿df htftt} cft+s 5fpg] u/L ul/Psf] xdnf ;a}nfO{ cjut g}
cGtlxg / kl/0ffdlxg r'gfjn] b]vk] l5 cft+lst eolet ef/tLo df]rf{ vf]ln;s]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . zlQmx¿ Psh'6 eP/ cGt/f{li6«o 5 . o;n] s] k'li6 u5{ eg] g]kfndf ef/tsf] OR5f ljkl/t ag]sf] ;/sf/nfO{
/fli6«otfdf ha{h:tL x:tIf]k ePsf] lj:tf/jfb / p;sf /vf}6] bnfnx¿ ;+ljwfg;ef /fhg}lts df]rf{, dw];df hutsf] ;fy lnP/ k|ltsf/ gug'{ b]zsf] c;kmn kfg{ ef/t ;/sf/ / cfˆgf] k|ToIf lgb]{zgdf oxfF cft+s k}mnfpg
k|i6 v'Nbf klg /fi6«jfbsf] 8+km' ahfpg] æsDo'lgi6sf] df]rf{Æ eg]/ cfˆgf e"ldut ;d"xåf/f kmf}hL df]rf{, Jo"/f]qm] l;df cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg'd{ f ;xof]uL aGg rflx/x]sf] 5 . dw];sf] /fhgLltsf] gfddf b]znfO{ 6'qmfpg] cleofgdf
d08n]x¿ k|ltsf/sf] ;§f cfTd;dk{0f ;fd|fHojfbL dflnsx¿nfO{ psf:g] sd{rf/L df]rf{, cfly{s df]rf{, ;f+:s[lts dfq x'G5 . o;/L /fli6«o :jflwgtf zflGt nfu]sf slyt dw];L bnx¿nfO{ prfn]/ ef/t oxfF tf08j g[To b]vfO/x]sf]
u/]/ lj:tf/jfbsf bnfnL ub}{ sfFu; ]| s} sf]l;; ul//x]sf 5g\ . dw];L hgtfsf] df]rf{, kz'kltdf wfld{sdf]rf{ / / ;+ljwfg tyf g]kfnsf] k|ultsf] nflu 5 . o;n] ubf{ d'ns ' sf] ;fj{ef}ldstf / :jflwgtfdf uDeL/ cj:yf l;h{gf
sfGbfgL ;dflt /x] . efiff, klx/g / 7"nf] ;+3if{af6 cfPsf jf:tljs ;fd| f Hojfb;F u s' 6 g} l ts df] r f{ /fi6«jfbL zlQm hlt;Sof] rfF8f] k+lQmj4 x'g k'u]sf] 5 . k/Dk/fut dfgl;stf af]s]sf sfFu|]; nufot cGo s]xL
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/fhgLltdf /fli6«otf g/x] klg km/s k'uk] l5 ;/sf/sf] klg :yfloTj / k|efjsf/L kl/rfng ePsf] v08df afFsL sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{ ;s]df dfq ;lxb casf g]kfnL hgtfn] pgLx¿sf tL ;kgfx¿nfO{ rsgfr'/ kfl/lbg] 5g\ .
gkg]{ b]Vg] zflAbs /fi6«jfbLx¿sf] ;+ljwfg aGg] lglZrt b]vk] l5 Psflt/ g]kfnn :–g]kfnd} /xg] lbg yf]/} 5g\ . ;kgf k"/f x'g5] . xfdL s;}nfO{ cfqmd0f hgtfsf] gfddf ef/tsf] u'nfdL ug]{ slyt g]tfx¿nfO{ hgtfn] gfË]emf/
bnfnLs/0fn] g]kfn b]z ;+s6 / of] df]rf{ k'm6fpg] / csf]l{ t/ cfˆgf] ;/sf/n] k"0f{tf gkfpFb} /fi6« ;]js ug]{ gLlt / of]hgf agfpFbg} f} a? cfˆgf] kfg]{ ;do cfO;s]sf] 5 . casf] g]kfndf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ s;}n] /}tLsf]
c;kmntfsf] l8ndf k'Ug} nfUbf /fli6«otf df]rf{ ;'b9[ ug{ cfˆgf /vf}6x] ¿nfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] dsf{sf] plrt cWoog g} l;dfgf, e"uf]n cyf{t /fi6« / /fli6«otfsf]
:jflwgtfsf] nflu sfqf] afFw/] !) jif{ Ps–Ps ub}{ ef/tn] af]nfP/ 5nkmn gu/L s]jn ;d:ofnfO{ cfˆgf] /fhg}lts /Iff ug]{ k"/s xs 5 . o;df sf]xL
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{ . cfGbf]ng xf];\ vf;u/L ;+;f/df yf]/ax't /]l8of]wdL{ dfq xf]Og lah'nLsf] nflu ;d]t k|of]u
t] n pTkfbg ub{ 5 . cgnfO{ { xfl;n u/]sf cfwf/e"t cfly{s pGgltsf] klg xf] . x'g t of] ljifonfO{{ clxn]g} of gxf];\ u}/sfg'gL lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg ljls/0f hxfF klg x'g ;S5 . t/ Tof] ul/Psf] cf0fljs zlStsf sf/0f ljZj
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cGt/fli6« o dlxnf a;] { l g /fxt ldn]sf] 5 . t/ ljb]zL;Fu cGwsf/sf] s] e/f];f
cf} k rfl/stfdf g} ;Lldt eP/ eg]sf lyP– …Pp6f c;n cfdf ;o d' l :nd ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿df j}jflxs afFws ] f dlxnfsf] gful/stf hxfF 5fofF ;d]t d]l6G5
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lbj; dgfpFb} cfP tfklg lhDd]jf/ zf;g u5{ .Ú o;af6 dlxnfsf] slt pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf ;g\ !((% df aLrsf ;d:ofx¿df ;'wf/ x'g ;s]sf] b'OcfFvf el/ el/ lgofn]/
;d"xn] s]–slt k|ult xfl;n ug{ lhDd]jf/L /x]5 eGg] a'lemG5 . nf]Ug] rLgsf] /fhwfgL a]OlhËdf ;DkGg 5}g . dlxnf ;dfh ;w}F lt/:s[t
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g;s]/ klg dlxnf lbj; / dlxnfsf k|of;df dfgj hfltsf] ;[li6 ePsf] dlxnfx¿n] a'sf{ nufP/ dfr{i6 cfly{s¿kdf ;DkGg nf]Ug] dfG5] 5 tfsL lhGbuLsf eofgs cGwsf/df klg
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5}g . g]t[Tj txdf cufl8 b]lvPsf ;dGjo x'g g;s]/ dfgj ;Eotf g} cfˆgf] klxrfg sfod /fVg] qmddf k};fsf] nf]en] To;tf;Fu ljjfx ug{ ofrg} ;Dem a? t/ laGtL Û
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dlxnfx¿sf] gfd ;'Gg ;lsPsf] 5 . nf]Ug] dfG5]sf] aLrdf /x]sf] k|fs[lts dlxnfk|ltsf] lje]b yfxf x'G5 . t/ cfTdlge{ / x' g ;Sg] tYonfO{ {
3fd g8'Ab} e]6g\ ' ;vL Û
t/ pgLx¿n] klg lhDd]jfl/sf ;fy e]b t 5Fb}5 . k|s[ltaf6} cGt/ lxGb' ;dfhdf dlxnfnfO{ To:tf dgf]j1 } flgs¿kdf k|efj kfl//x]sf] cGwsf/sf] s] e/f];f <<
dlxnf lxt / clwsf/sf s' / f ePsf] tYonfO{{ ;Ddfg u/]/ b'ak} Ifsf] 5]sy'g geP tfklg lkt[kw| fg d'ns ' x'G5 . o:tf /f]ux¿af6 s;/L dlxnf cfhsf nflnu'/fF;] knx¿n]
sfof{Gjog u/fpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . lhDd]jf/LnfO{{ olsg ug{ ;s]sf] ePsfn] dlxnf ;dfhnfO{{ s'l07t ;dfhnfO{{ d'St u/fpg] < dlxnfnfO{{ ef]nL ljut ag]/ cj:o lrdf]6g\ 5 ]
bf];f| ] ljZjo'4kl5 ljZje/df dlxnf x'g'kb{5 . dlxnfx¿n] lhDd]jf/L kfl/Psf w] / } pbfx/0f k] ; ug{ 5f]/f;/x c+z lbg] h'g d'2f p7fOPsf] rfpl/Psf v'hd ' H' h] x[bosf leQfx¿df,
clwsf/sf] s'/f Jofks x'Fb} cfof] . kfPdf slxn] klg k5fl8 kb}{gg\ . ;lsG5 . lxGb' ;dfhleq k|rlnt 5 Tof] /fd|f] s'/f xf] . t/ g]kfn ef/t
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;fdflhs If]qdf s}of}F dlxnfx¿n] /fi6«;+3sf] :yfkgf x'g'eGbf cufl8 dlxnfk|lt g/fd|f] Jojxf/ ug{ v/fa k'?if;Fu ljjfxjf/L ePkl5 c+zsf] log} l;ld|s] 36gfnfO{{ j}zfvL agfpFnf
g]t[Tj ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . Oh/fondf klg dlxnfx¿sf] ;zSt e"ldsf lyof] cfr/0f ePsf] k'?ifnfO{{ xb};Ddsf] d'2fn] ljs/fn ¿k lng;S5 . bfOhf] p;f]/ j}zfvLn] c+w/] f]df klg lxF8g\ ;3fpnf
uf] G 8fdfP/ k| w fgdGqL, ef/tdf eGg] s'/f cNh]l/ofsf] qmflGtdf sf/jfxL ug{ g;Sg] sfg'gL Joj:yf gkfpFbf sltko 7fpFdf dlxnfn]
OlGb/f ufGwL k|wfgdGqL / clxn] :jtGqtfsf] nflu dlxnfx¿n] ad gePsfn] klg dlxnfnfO{{ 8/sf] t8\lkP/ ckfË eP/ dg'k{ /]sf] 5 .
t/ j}zfvL agfpg] t pHofnf] d} xf] lg Û
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aGb/f gfOs] k|wfgdGqL, s'df/ft'Ëf emfF;LsL dxf/fgLn] clGtdsfn;Dd 8/af6 :jf:gL dfG5]x¿nfO{{ d'St lgsfnf ug{,] dl§t]n vgfP/ lhpFb} 3fd g8'Ab} e]6g\ ' ;vL Û
rlGb| s f k| w fgdGqL / /fi6« k lt, cfˆgf] b]zsf] nflu alnbfg lbPsL gu/f~h]n;Dd dlxnf xslxtsf] s'/f hnfpg] s's[To ePsf 5g\ . o:tf lbgs} pHofnf]df j}zfvL agfO;Sg'k5{
a]nfotdf dfu{6] Yofr/, a+unfb]zdf lyOg\ . To:t} g]kfnsf] gfnfkfgLsf] Joy{ x'G5 . s8f ;hfo kfOG5 eGg] h3Go ck/fwx¿df kLl8tkIfn] Gofo
lhof vfFlnbf j]ud, z]v xl;gf j]ud, n8fOFdf dlxnfx¿n] cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/L 8/n] zlSt ;DkGg dlxnfnfO{{ laufg{] kfPsf lj/n} 36gf kfPsf 5g\ . emg\
cGwsf/sf] s] e/f];f <Û
k| w fgdGqL tyf /fi6« k lt, af]s]/ eg] klg cfˆgf] b]z arfpg cfF6 k'?ifx¿df x'Fb}g . t/ sdhf]/ xr'jfsf e/df 5f]/f;/x 5f]/LnfO{{ ghfg]sf] ef]ln
kfls:tfgdf a] l glh/ e' § f] c+u]|hnfO{{ nv]6\g k5fl8 k/]gg\ . / u/LaLaf6 u| l ;t dlxnfnfO{ { c+z lbg] clgjfo{tf ePdf cfly{s gb]vs ] f] pHofnf]
k|wfgdGqLnufot ljZjsf b]zx¿df dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] e]b lxGb' hxfF;Dd k'?ifaf6 t8\kfpg], zf]if0f cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf kl/jf/sf] gef]us ] f] cfgGb
s}of}F dlxnf g]t[x¿ k|fKt u/] tfklg ;dfheGbf klZrdL d' n ' s / ug]{ / xTof ug{;
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dlxnfdfly kl/cfPsf / cfpg] d;ndfgx¿df a9tf JofKt 5 . s]xL ;'G5f}F . @)^& kmfNu'0f !( ut] bfr{ ' n f;Dd ef/t;F u l;dfgf
ljifodf vf; pknlAwd"ns sfd ug{ bzs cufl8;Ddb]lv dfq k|mfG;sf uf]/vfkqdf Ps ;dfrf/ k|sflzt hf] l 8Psf / cGo lhNnfx¿af6 lhGbuLsf] ee{/fpFbf] knx¿
;s]sf] b]lvPg . a]nfotdf leS6f]l/of dlxnfx¿n] /fli6«o lgjf{rgx¿df ePsf] 5– ;'g;/Lsf ;z:q k|x/Lsf ef/t;Fu g]kfnL r]nLx¿sf] j}jflxs sf]lknfsf ofd h:t} g x'g
dxf/fgLsf] nfdf] zf;gsfndf / dtbfg ug{ :jtGqtf k|fKt u/]sf hflu/] @* jifL{o pd]z kf}8n ] n] sfG5L ;DaGw sfod /x]sf] x'G5 . c+zsf] clg x'g lo tfhf df};dL emf]sf
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;+3f/df k'Ug'sf] d'Vo sf/0f;d]t s;/L ca{klt aG5g\\ < oL k|Zgsf a]OdfgLsf] rfªdf a;]/ nf]stflGqs d'Vo sf/0f xf] . kf6L{sf] g]tT[ j u/]/ ;'ljwfn] kl/0ffd yfxf kfpg klg ;/n / ;xh ePsf] 5 . )#! ;fndf d}n]
e|i6frf/ g} xf] . e|i6rf/n] ;dfh, hjfkm xfdLn] dfq xf]Og, x/]s g]kfnL zf;g Joj:yf rNb}g . nf]stflGqs ;/sf/df cfPsf] JolQmn] abdf;L u¥of] d]/f] kl/0ffd yfxf kfpg !% lbg nfu]sf] :d/0f ug]{ xf] eg] Tof] ;do /
b]z tyf hgtfsf] enf] t ub}g{ g} rfxG5g\\ . /fHosf] 9's6' Lsf] 7]Ssf lnP/ zf;g Joj:yf rfxg] tyf rnfpg]x¿n] ls, clgoldttf tyf e|i6frf/ u¥of] kl/j]z jt{dfgdf cgf}7f], sf}t'xn x'g hfG5 . To;kl5sf lbg k]ml/Psf
sfnfGt/df e|i6rf/L tyf ltgsf a;]sfx¿n] oL k|Zgsf] lrQa'‰bf] hjfkm e|i6frf/lj?4sf] cleofg cfkm}aF f6 ;'? sL eg]/ ;f]Rg], rgfvf] x'g,] cfjZos 5g\ . xfdLnfO{ dWoklZrdsf] ljs6 kxf8L lhNnfaf6 sf7df8f}F cfpg
dltof/x¿sf] ;d]t enf] x'bF g} . l;:6d lbg}k5{ . PSsfO; jif{sf] ax'bnLo ug'k{ 5{, cGoyf nf]stGqsf uLt tyf k/] sf/jfxL ug]{ kf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] rfgr'g] ;+3if{n] k'Ub}gYof] . ToxfFaf6 sf7df8f}F cfP/ lzIff cfh{g ug'{
tyf k|lqmof tf]8/] lasnfË agfPkl5 zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pknlAw sLt{g hlt g} ufP klg hgtfdf ljZjf; t/ xfd|fd] f To;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt x'g,' dxfef/t lyof] . ;a} kl/jz] a]Un} . clxn]sf hlt ;'ud Pj+ ;/ntfsf]
To;af6 s;}sf] klg enf] x'bF g} . t/ eg]sf] e|i6frf/, t:s/L, clgoldttf, knfpFbg} . e|i6rf/Lx¿n] g]tT[ j u/]sf h;n] hxfFaf6 / h;/L NofP klg sNkgf eGbf aflx/s} s'/f lyof] . t}klg P;Pn;L kl/Iff rln/x]s} lyof] .
ToxL e|i6rf/sf] hfnf]leq ;fgf] tyf gftfjfb tyf s[kfjfb g} xf] . oxL kf6L{x¿ tyf e|i6rf/Lx¿sf sfFwdf kf6L{nfO{ 7"nf] /sd a'emfpg ;s]df gLlh / ;/sf/L lzIffsf] lje]b olt;f/f] lyPg .
;'Gb/ b]z g]kfn g/fd|f; ] uF hsl8Psf] cjlwdf s/f]8f}F ;f]xf]g{ ;kmn ePsfx¿ 6]s/] kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jf ug]x{ ¿n] nf]stGq :ofaf;L dfq geO{ cfpg] csf]{ Rofppd|] ;/x cfhef]ln lghL / ;/sf/L :s'nn] lzIff lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
5 . zflGt, ;+ljwfg tyf ;'zf;g;Fu} cfh klg nf]stGqsf] ljsNk 5}g eGb} tyf k|hftGqsf] k|jrg ;'gfpg ca lgjf{rgsf] l6s6;d]t kSsf x'g] ePs} ;x/ ahf/sf ljBfnosf lj1fkg x]bf{ yfxf x'G5 clxn] x'g] vfg]x¿sf
e|i6frf/sf] pGd"ng;d]t clxn]sf] d'Vo 5g\\ . 5f8f k'FhLjfbsf] jsfnt aGb ug}k{ 5{ . cGoyf l9nf]rfF8f] tL sf/0f ;d]t e|i6frf/ c¿ a9]sf] xf] . :s'nsf] lzIffn] lsQf ljefhg ltj| eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . af]l8{Ë gfdwf/L
cfjZostf xf] . e|i6rf/ lgd"n { kfg{ ug]x{ ¿;d]t ;a} /fHosf n'6/] fx¿ x'g\ kf6L{x¿sf] cl:tTj gfl;g] lglZrt 5 . jf:tjdf kGrfotL zf;g Joj:yf :s'ndf cfˆgf ;GttLnfO{ egf{ ug]{ nx8 klg Tolts} 5 . ;x/ ahf/df
g;lsPnf t/ lgoGq0f ug]{ k|efjsf/L eGbf cGofo gxf]nf . cGoyf logLx¿ lsgls hgtf ca ca'em 5}gg\, hgtfn] k5fl8sf] of] sl/a PSsfO; jif{sf] s]lGb|t o:tf ljBfnodf k|foM x'g] vfg] vfgbfgLdf / gofF e'Ok'm§fx¿sf]
sbd rfNg cjZo ;lsG5 . h;sf] o;/L Pscf;kdf ldn]/ vfFbg} y], uNtL o:tf] a] > d xs{ t ;w} F e l/ x] / ] / ax'bnLo zf;g Joj:yf e|i6frf/L, cs't ;DklQ To:tf :s'nx¿df nufgL eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . lzIffsf ljleGg
lglDt e|i6frf/LnfO{ bl08t ug'{ hlt ug]{x¿nfO{ z/0f lbP/ /fVb}gy], al;/xFbg} g\ . clVtof/ tyf cbfntn] t:s/L tyf clgoldttfnfO{ hLjgsf] k|of]usf] gfddf cleefjsaf6 wg ;+sng ePs} 5 . pgLx¿ klg To;}df
ck/Lxfo{ 5, Tolt g} cfjZos 5 ck/fwLx¿nfO{{ arfpgsf] lglDt ljleGg sf/0fa; sltko s'/fx¿ kQf Pp6f kf6f] agfPsfx¿sf] nflu Pp6f ;Gt'i6L eO/x]sf 5g\ . Pn]en, q]mla|h pgLx¿sf nflu g]kfnd} pknAw
e|i6frf/sf d'xfg cyjf ;|f]tx¿ clVrof/b]lv ;jf]R{ r cbfnt;Dd k'u/] gnufpg ;S5g\,\ kQf nufPsf s'/fx¿ :jl0f{d o'u g} aGg k'Uof] h;sf] sf/0f 5g\ . k|foM ;'lsnf d'lsnf dfq x}g gj wgf9o ju{sf ;GttLx¿ To:t}
;'sfpg . bafa lbFbg} y] . nf]stGqsf] ljsNk 5}g klg ljleGg sf/0fn] aflx/ gNofpg b]z t aaf{b eof] g} hgtfnfO{ ;d]t lghL lzIffnosf ljleGg gfdwf/L lzIffnox¿df cWoog u/fpFb5g\ eg]
/fhgLlt cyjf hgtfsf] ;]jfsf] eGg]x¿n] tyf 5f8f k'FhLjfbsf] ;S5g\\ t/ hgtfn] x/]s /fhgLlt1sf] /fhgLltaf6 lj/Qm agfof] . o;sf] d'Vo a9L ljBfyL{ egf{ ug{sf] nflu P;Pn;Ldf kf; u/fpg ug]{ gug]{ rlt{snf
s;d vfPsfx¿af6 g} hgtflj?4sf] jsfnt ug]x{ ¿n] kf6L{leq ;lk|Psf] tyf pRrkb:t sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;a} s'/f lhDd]jf/ eg]sf] /fhgLlts g]tT[ j g} klg k|b{zg ub{5g\ . log} :jgfdwGox¿ kmnfd] 9f]sfsf] xf}jf lkmhfpFb}
u4f/L cyjf e|i6frf/ ;'? ePsf] 5 . e|i6frf/¿kL jgdf/fsf] emf8L kmf8]/ kQf nufpg ;S5g\\ nufPsf 5g\\ . xf] . ;xL tyf unt 5'6o\ fpg g;Sg], jt{dfgdf cfd g]kfnLsf slnnf] dl:t:sdf ck|Tofltt ¿kn] bafa lbFb5 } g\ .
b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yf s:tf] agfpg], b]vfpg] ;fx; gubf{;Dd logLx¿n] eGg] cGoyf lr/GhLjL afUn]nfO{ sf/jfxL b]z tyf hgtfsf]eGbf klg cfˆgf] ljBfnonfO{ Jofkf/sf] gLltn] ;~rfng u/]sf gfkmfvf]/x¿ ;fdbfd b08
ljsfz lgdf{0f k|lqmof s;/L cufl8 nf]stGq n'6tGq g} xf], o;sf] ljsNk x' g f;fy ca kfnf] uf] l jGb/fh, JolQmut, u'6ut tyf kf6L{ut :jfy{nfO{ e]bsf] gLlt cjnDag ub}{ /fHosf gLlt lgdf{0f;DdnfO{ cg'lrt k|efj kfg{
a9fpg], b]zsf] eljio stf n}hfg] tyf cfhsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf xf] . v'daf/xfb'/, ;'hftf, uR5]bf/, u'Ktf, dfq ;j{Zj b]Vg] a]Odfg g]tT[ jsf] sf/0f ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
s:tf] agfpg] eGg] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ e|i6frf/ lgd"n { ug{ g;s] klg s+;sf/, df]tLnfn, v/]n / k|bLk b]z o;/L hh{/ ag]sf] xf] . e|i6frf/ gfkmfd"vL k;nsf Jofkf/Lx¿n] ;~rfng u/]sf Jofkf/¿kL ljBfnosf]
kfPsf] /fhgLlts If]q g} e|i6frf/sf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu zdz]/sf] ======= eGb} rf]srf]sdf s'/f a9\b} hfFbf b]zdf x/]s lsl;dsf cltl/Qm ;/sf/n] ;~rfng u/]sf ljBfnosf] cj:yf emg ljlrqsf] 5 .
afxs e}lbFbf ;d:of c¿ r'lnPsf] 5 . klxnf] sfo{ eg]sf] s8f sfg'gsf] Joj:yf ub}{ a:g] lyPgg\ . s;–s;sf] x}l;ot ;d:ofx¿sf] y'kf| ] nfU5, ljlwsf] zf;g lzIfs dxf]box¿ k];fut xslxtsf] gfddf ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{;Fu
;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ lgsfo g} ;d:ofsf] x'gk' ¥of] . e|i6frf/L k|dfl0ft eP/ s] xf] < klxnf logLx¿sf] x}l;ot s] tyf sfg'gL /fhsf] ;dflKt x'G5, hf]l8Psf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ :s'neGbf cf–cfˆgf kf6L{ lk|o 5g\ eg] kf6L{sf]
;|ft] e};s]kl5 ;d:of cjZo klg sf/fuf/df s}bL hLjg latfO/x]sf] lyof] / clxn] s] ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f clnslt x'g]vfg], 6f7faf7f tyf sdgfaf6 rNg] JolQmx¿ kf6L{sf] x'Ok -gLlt lgb]z { g_ nfUg'kg]{ afWotfn]
rfgr'g] x'Fb}g . b]zdf s'zf;g, Pp6f ktLtnfO{{ ;d]t OHht, dfg, hgtfnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf 5 . e|i6rf/sf] /fhgLltdf nfu]sfx¿ e|i6frf/ tyf cWofkg sfo{df bIftf, lgk'gtfsf] ljsfzsf] b/sf/ kb}{g . k7fP klg
c/fhstf, clgoldttf tyf e|i6frf/ ;Ddfg tyf p;nfO{{ ;xof]uL tyf dfdnfdf nlrnf] x'g,] l9nf;':tL ug]{ of] clgoldttfs} sf/0f /ftf/ft ca{klt gk7fP klg tna ;'ljwf k|fKt ug'{ d} ;Gtf]if dfGg] u'?hL sf] Tof] ju{ To;
Jofks ¿kdf df}nfpb} uPsf] tyf sxLF, ;';f/]sf] Joj:yf ug]{ kl/kf6L tTsfn jf Tof] afxfgf vf]h/] e|i6frf/Lx¿nfO{ x'g k'U5g\\ h;sf] sf/0f hgtfdf wgL cnfjf cfˆgf JolQmut gLlt sfo{df tlNng x'g] csf]{ ju{ ;d]tnfO{ k7fOsf]
st} sf/jfxL gePsf] sf/0f nf]stGqsf] aGb ug'k{ 5{ . sf/fuf/df ;d]t :t/ pGd'lQm lbg] kfqx¿b]lv e|i6rf/LnfO{ tyf ul/aaLrsf] vf8n c¿ a9\b} vfFrf] kb}g{ . bnLo ;+oGq leq cfj4 x'g afWo Tof] ju{ k/LIffsf] s]xL ;do
cy{ tyf dd{ g} s'zf;g, c/fhstf 5'6o\ fpg] p;sf] /fhgLlts kx'r F tyf sf/jfxL xf]nf eGg] 8/n] ljleGg afwf hfG5, ljsf; lgdf{ 0 f /f] l sG5, cufl8 ;lqmo eP klg jif{el/sf] k9fO cNk ;don] k|efj kfb}{g . t/ klg
clgoldttf, t:s/L tyf e|i6frf/ g} cfly{s cj:yfnfO{ x]//] kfFrtf/] xf]6n Jojwfgx¿ pTkGg ug],{ ljleGg bafax¿ pBf]uwGbf, snsf/vfgf ;a} rf}k6 P;Pn;Lsf] glthfn] cg'bfg cflb g/f]lsof];\ eGg] dg;fon] k9fOeGbf
/x]5 eGg] wf/0ff cfdhgtfdf ljsf; a/fa/sf] ;'ljwf lbP/ /fVg] kfl/kf6Ln] lbg] ;a}hgf hgtfsf] gh/af6 l5k]sf x'G5g\,\ b]z c;kmn aGg ;S5 eGg] 6\o';gdf k|fT] ;flxt u5{ eg] kl/Iff glhlsFb} hfFbf lr6 rf]/fpg] csf]{
x'bF } uPsf] 5 . oxL cj:yfdf e|i6frf/df e| i 6frf/Lsf] dgf] a n lub} { g . 5}gg\, To;}n] /fd|f] oxL x'G5 ls ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfGo r]tgf;d]t gePsf d"v{ jfWotf /x]sf] kfOG5 . clxn] htf;'s} # bnLo ;+oGqsf] rrf{ kl/rrf{
r'nD'{ d 8'as ] f k6s–k6s dGqL ePsf e|i6rf/LnfO{ ;se/ kmf;Lsf] Joj:yf e|i6 ktLt tyf gfnfosx¿nfO{ /fhgLlt1x¿n] b]znfO{ of] cj:yfdf rng rlNtdf 5 . s]Gb|fWoIf, lg/LIfs ;a}df # bnLo ;+oGqsf] ;xdltsf]
lr/GhLjL jfUn] tyf tfTsfnLg ;ef;b x'gk' 5{, olb Tof] x'g ;Sb}g eg] sDtLdf l56f]eGbf l56f] ;Vt ;hfo xf];\ . k'¥ofPsf x'g\ . ca hgtf cfkm}F rrf{ ;'lgPsf] lyof], ;fx[b lr6 rf]/fpg] ;+oGq klg # bnLo ag]sf]
8L=aL= sfsL{ dfly sf/jfxL x'g' cjZo kgL p;sf] ;j{Zjx/0f u/]/ cfhLjg e|i6frf/ df}nfPsf] b]zdf ljs[lt hfUg}k5{ . sd{rf/LtGqleqsf] e|i6frf/ x'gk' b{5 . o;/L lnOPsf] hfFraf6 To;eGbf dflysf] k9fOdf s] b;f xf]nf .
klg :jfutof]Uo sbd xf], t/ of] k|lqmof sf/fjf;sf] Joj:yf ug}k{ 5{ . sfjfxL tyf lj;+ultsf] af9L rln/x]sf] x'G5 . tyf l9nf;':tL xf];\ jf /fhgLlts clxn]sf ljBfyL{ g} ef]ln efjL g]tf, k|zf;s, j}1flgs x'g] x'g\ . logLx¿ of]
olts}df /f]lsg' eg]sf] gfª\nf] 76fP/ o:tf] x'gk' 5{ h'g s'/f b]vs ] f, hfg]sf hxfF e|i6frf/, ljs[lt, lj;+ult tyf cfj/0fdf a]l/P/ s/f]8f}F n'6s ] f n'6/] f pd]/df lr6 rf]g,{] 6\o;' g gk9L kf; gx'g] cj:yf xfdLn] cyf{t\ jt{dfg
xfQL t;f{pg vf]Hg' a/fa/ dfq x'g] jf ;'gs ] fn] km]l/ To:t} vfnsf] xs{t 5f8ftGq df}nfPsf] x'G5, ToxfFsf] zf;g lsg gx'g\ hgtfn] 5f]8g\ ' x'bg} . l9n} ;dfhn] ;[hgf u/]sf 5f}F . tf]lsPsf] k|ltzt kf; gePdf cg'bfg /f]lsg],
5 . g]kfnsf] Gofofnos} Oltxf;df Ps} ug]{ ;fx; gu?g\ . Goflos If]qsf] Joj:yf :yfoL x'bF g} . ljZjdf /fd|f] eP klg clVtof/ tyf ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] bz hf]8 b'O{df ljBfyL{ gkfOg], To:t} ;x/ ahf/sf af]l8{ªdf ;t k|ltzt
xKtfleq e|i6frf/df r'nD'{ d 8'as ] f b'O{ e|i6frf/, z}lIfs, k|zf;lgs s'6gLlts dflgPsf] ax'bnLo zf;g Joj:yf of] dxfck/fwsf] hfnf] kG5fpg] sfdsf] dflyNnf] >]0fLdf kf; geP ljBfyL{ gkfO{g] log} sf/0fn] P;P;nLsf] nflu
kfqnfO{{ Jofks /fhgLlts bafa x'bF fx'bF } tyf ;f+:s[lts If]qsf e|i6frf/;d]t g]kfndf 3[l0ft x'gs ' f] d'Vo sf/0f ;'?jft u/]sf] 5, of] ;sf/fTds sfo{sf] h] klg ug]{ k|j[lQn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . clg kmnfd] 9f]sfsf] xfpu'hL lbFbf
klg h;/L sf/jfxLsf] cfb]z eof], of] /fhgLlts e|i6frf/s} ;xfos x'g\ / e|i6frf/ xf] . e|i6frf/sf] sf/0f k|z; + f ub},{ clVtof/ tyf ;jf]R{ rsf] sof}F ljBfyL{ cft+lst x'g] cj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
cfkm}dF f cToGt ;sf/fTds sfo{ xf] eGg] /fhgLlts e|i6frf/Ls} cf8–e/f];fdf b08xLgtf df}nfof], ck/fwLx¿n] pGd'lQm xf};nf c¿ a9fpFb} ltgnfO{ cf8e/f]iff hfFrkl5 l/hN6 / l/hN6 kl5 eg;'g / k};f v'jfP/ kf; u/fpg
s'/f rNb} ubf{ Pshgf ldqn] eGg' tL ;a} df}nfPsf 5g\\ . To;sf/0f kfP, pgLx¿sf x/]s ck/fwx¿n] lbFb} /fhgLlts sn]j/df n's/] a;]sf ;lsG5 ls eg]/ Pp6f nsf]{ klg nfU5 . s]xL g]tf, sfo{stf{, bnfn,
ePsf] lyof] Psrf]6L dGqL e};s]sf] ;a}eGbf klxnf] st{Jo s8feGbf s8f j}wflgstf kfP, Tof];Fu} nf]stGq, ck/fwLx¿ tyf ltgnfO{ z/0f lbP/ To;}sf] WofpGgdf Pp6f ljifodf !.@ gDa/ sd cflb eGb} s'lb/x]sf
h'g;'s} dflg;nfO{{ ;dft]/ sf/jfxL ubf{ sfg'gsf] Joj:yf xf] eg] bf];|f] k| h ftGq tyf dfgjclwsf/sf /fv]sf kf6L{ tyf ltgsf] g]tT[ jlj?4 x'G5g\ . To:tf] s'bfO slt ;fy{s x'G5 Tof] yfxf ePg To:tf] s'bfO{df
klg unt x'bF g} , To;/L ul/g] sf/jfxLn] cfjZostf /fhgLlts If] q sf] cfj/0fleq xhf/f}–F xhf/ ck/fwx¿ Jofks bafa l;h{gf ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ nfu]sfx¿ b]lvG5g\ . of] dfgl;stfn] Pp6f pmhf{ v]/ uO/x]sf] 5 .
ltgLx¿dfly cGofo x'bF g} eg]/ eGg' e|i6frf/nfO{ 6fu]{6 agfpg' xf] . 5f]lkP, lgd'vf tyf lgbf]i{ f hgtfx¿ ck/fwLx¿nfO{ sfg'gL sf/jfxL ug{sf] c6\sn sf6\g ;lsG5 .
eof] . 7Ls To;} ubf{ t sltkonfO{{ /fhgLlt1 Odfgbf/, st{Jolg:7 tyf dfly ltg} ck/fwLx¿n] zf;g ul//x] . nflu hgtf ;8sdf emg]{ a]nf cfPsf] utjif{ lr6 rf]/fPsf kqklqsf l6eL ;dfrf/ cfPsf] Pp6f ljBfnosf
cGofo xf]nf, e|i6frf/ gug]x{ ¿ klg kf/bzL{ x' g f;fy cGo If] q sf hlt clgoldttf u/] klg ;fwg / 5, cGoyf e|i6rf/Lx¿n] b]z tyf k|wfgfWofks;Fu e]6 x'Fbf ;dfrf/ af/]df lh1f;f /fVbf pgLnfO{ s]Gb|fWoIf
5g\\ eGg] csf]{ ;fyLsf] ts{df pxfFn] e|i6frf/;d]t :jtM 36\5 . h;sf] ;|ft] sf] hlt g} b'¿kof]u u/] klg, kfPsf] hgtflj?4 u2f/L ub}{ ;f]xf]/s ] f] ;a} glbP/ cs}{nfO{ s]Gb|fWoIf lbPsf] / pgL hfFrel/ ljBfnodf, pkl:yt x'g
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