lzif{s: sf]/f]gfsf] ;+s6df afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/ lszf]/Lx?

k[i7e"ld

ljZjsf w]/} b]zx?df sf]/f]gfsf] dxfdf/Ln] c;/ u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn klg sf]/f]gfsf]
dfxfdf/Laf6 c5'tf] /xg ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfndf sf]/f]gf ;+qmldtsf ;+Vof lbg k|ltlbg a9\b}
hfFb}5g\ o;} lar g]kfn ;/sf/n] aFbfaGbLsf] gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 .
aGbfaGbLsf] sf/0fn] ;a} ljBfnox? aGb 5g\ / ;a} afnaflnsfx? tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lx? 3/df
al;/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df x]g]{ xf] eg] nueu $) k|ltzt hg;ª\Vof !* jif{d'lgsf
afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/ lszf]/Lx?n] cf]u6]sf 5g\ . aGb ljBfnox? slxn] v'N5g\ / pgLx?
slxn] ljBfnodf uO{ k9\g]5g\ eGg] s'g} 6'ª\uf] nufpg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .

x'g t o:tf] ;+s6sf] a]nfdf pgLx?sf] k9fO{ eGbf 7'nf] s'/f pgLx?nfO{ ;'/lIft jf
:j:y agfpg' / pgLx?sf] Hofg hf]ufpg' g} xf] . t/ afnaflnsfnfO{ sf]/f]gf / jf:tljstfsf]
af/]df a'em\g ;fx|} ufx|f] x'g ;S5 . lsgeg] pgLx?sf] af}l¢s, efjgfTds, zf/Ll/s / ;fdflhs
ljsf; k"0f{ ?kdf eO{;s]sf] x'Fb}g / a'‰g] Ifdtf / tl/sf jo:sx? eGbf km/s x'G5 . o; sf/0f
of] ;+s6sf] ;dodf kl/l:yltnfO{ a'‰gsf nflu pgLx?n] k6s k6s jo:sx?;Fu k|Zgx? ;f]Wg]
ub{5g\ . o; ;+s6 of c;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf pgLx?sf] x]/rfx / pgLx?sf k|Zgx?sf] ;lx k|
ltlqmof ljif]z ?kdf ug'{ cleefjssf] d'Vo st{Jodf kb{5 lsgeg] ;+s6sf] a]nf afnaflnsfx?
pRr hf]lvddf /xg] ub{5g\ . ;fy} pgLx? :jod\ / c;fdfGo kl/l:yltn] pgLx?sf efjgfdf
Nofpg] kl/jt{gnfO{ lrGg, kl/l:yltnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] a'‰g / g/fd|f] lg0f{ox? lng glbg
jo:sx?n] plrt x]/rfx / ;+/If0fnfO{ Wofg lbg' kb{5 . afnaflnsfdf olt v]/ cfTd/Iffug]
{ l;k, ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ l;k , ;+rf/sf] l;ksf] ljsf; eO{;s]sf] x'b}g . h;n] ubf{ of] ;
+s6sf] ;dodf pgLx? pRr hf]lvddf kl//x]sf x'G5g\\ . oL l;kx?sf ljsf; k'/} gePsf sf/0fn]
g} x/]s ;+s6sf] c;/ jo:sdf eGbf afnaflnsfdf w]/} kg]{ ub{5 . afnaflnsfx?n] ;+s6sf]
a]nfdf w]/} goFf cg'ejx? ;+ufn]sf xG5g\ , Tof] sf]/f]gfsf] dfxfdf/L xf];\ of s''g} klg
k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] ;dodf xf];\ . oL cg'ejx? a6'Ng] qmddf pgLx?sf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s,
efjgfTds / Jojxf/ klg kl/jt{g eO{/x]sf] x'G5 . h;sf ;+s]tx? klxn]sf] ;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf
eGbf of] c;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf b]vf kg]{ km/s Jojxf/sf kl/jt{gx?n] hgfpFb5 . s'g} klg k|
sf]ksf] ;dodf afnaflnsfdf k]6 b'Vg], ;'Tg ufx|f] x'g], 9f8 b'Vg] , vfgf gkRg] h:tf
Jojxf/x? t'?Gt b]lvg ;S5g\ . olt dfq geO{ ljBfno jf 3/df pgLx?sf] Jojxf/ km/s x'g
;Sb5 . k9fO{df Wofg ghfg] ,l/;fpg] ,s/fpg] ;fy} pgLx?nfO{ a;df lng g} ufx|f] klg x'g
;Sb5 . t/ a'‰g'kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] oL nIo0fx? o:tf c;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf b]lvg'
eg]sf] dfgl;s /f]u eg] xf]O{g . of] k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf, k|sf]ksf] k|efj b]vfpg] ;fgf] ;+s]t
dfq xf] . csf]{ cy{df eGg] xf] eg] “c;fdfGo kl/l:yltnfO{ dfgj z/L/ / dgn] b]vfpg]
;fdfGo k|ltlqmof xf]” . t/ of] s'/f cfkm'n] klg ;lx tl/sfn] a'‰g] / afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx?
sf] pd]/ cg';f/ a'‰g] efiffdf a'emfpg jo:ssf] ;xof]u / ;fysf] cfjZostf /xG5 . sf]/f]gfsf]
of] dfxfdf/Ldf dfq xf]O{g s'g} klg k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf af9L ,klx/f], e'sDk jf c? s'g} k|
sf]kdf klg afnaflnsfn] k|fo oLg} nIo0fx? b]vfpg ;Sb5g\ . bM'v sf] s'/f, of] ;dodf slt
afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf b}lgs cfj:ostfsf ;fdfgx?, ;w} ub}{ cfO/x]sf lqmofsnfkx?,
cleefjs, cflb u'dfpg ;Sb5g\ . h;n] ubf{ pgLx? 7'nf] hf]lvddf kg{ ;Sb5g . To;}n] ljktdf
w]/} afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/ lszf]/Lx?sf dfgl;s :Jf:Yodf ;d:of cfpg ;Sb5 . h;n] ubf{ of]
kl/l:yltdf pgLx?nfO{ ljif]z ;xof]u rflxG5 . ;fy} pgLx?nfO{ of] kl/l:ylt ;x;| :jLsfg{ /
h:tf];'s} kl/l:yltdf klg cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ ;sf/fTds t/Lsfn] lhpg ;Sg] ;Lkx? l;sfpgkb{5 .

;fdfGoto jo:sx?n] c;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/ lszf]/Lx?;Fu pd]/ cg';f/ ug]
{ x]/rfxdf lgDglnlvt s'/fx?nfO{ k|fy{ldstf lbg' kb{5 M

kfFrjif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfnfO{ cleefjsn] s;/L x]/rfx ug]{ <

 cleefjsn] w]/} eGbf w]/} ;do lbg' kb{5 .

 ;fy} pgLx? ;'/lIft /x]sf] dx;'; u/fpg] ug'{ kb{5 .
 zf/Ll/s Jofod u/fpg] / w]/} k|sf/sf v]nx?;+u} v]Ng] ug'{ kb{5 .
 ;'Tg] a]nfdf cf/fd tl/sfn] lgbfpg] aflg a;fNg], syf ;'gfpg], v]n v]Ng]
ug'{ kb{5 .
  pgLx?sf] 8/sf s'/f, cg'ejx? ;'Gg], pgLx?sf cg'ejx? ;lx x'g\ eg]/ :jLsfg]{,
o:tf] cg'ea c? klg w]/}h;f] dflg;x?nfO{ x'g] / la:tf/} ;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf
kmls{g ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f a'emfpg] ug'{ kb{5 .
 afnaflnsfx?n] k6sk6s k|Zgx? ul//xg ;S5g\, pgLx?sf] k|Zgx? emsf]
{ gdfgL ;'Gg] / k|Zgx?sf] ;To hjfkmx? lbg' kb{5 .
 slxn]sfxL lb;f lk;fasf] Vofn ug{ hflg;s]sf afnaflnsfx?n] klg sk8fdf g} lb;f–
lk;fj ug{ ;S5g\, of] c;fdfGo kl/l:yltsf] ;fdfGo nIo0f g} ePsf]n] pgLx?
nfO{ ufnL ug]{ , t;f{pg] h:tf lqmofsnfk ug{' x'b}g .
 afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf cleefjsx? 8/fPsf / cflQPsf sf/0fn] w]/} c;/ kfb{5,
To];}n] cleefjsn] ;+oldt / w}o{ eP/ pgLx?sf cuf8L k|:t't x'g'kb{5 / cfjZos
k/] cleefjsn] g} cfˆgf] tgfa Aoa:yfkg ug{ :jf:YosdL{;+u ;xof]u lng'kb{5 .

kfFr jif{ dflysf afnaflnsfnfO{ cleefjsn] s;/L x]/rfx ug]{ <

 3/sf] jftfj/0f ;'/lIft agfpg] ;fy} ;Dej eP ;Dd afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+/If0f lbg' kb{5 .
 afnaflnsfnfO{ x/]s s'/fsf] ;To hfgsf/L lbg] ug'{ kb{5 rfx] Tof] d[To'sf] xf];\ jf
dfofsf] . pgLx?nfO{ ;Toaf6 6f9f /fv]/ e|ddf /fVg' x'b}g .
 pgLx?sf] k|Zgx? emsf]{ gdfgL ;'Gg] / k|Zgx?sf] ;To hjfkmx? lbg' kb{5 .
 pgLx?nfO{ v]nx? v]Ng pT;fx lbg' kb{5, h;n] ubf{ /L;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sb5
.
 pgLx?nfO{ ;+s6, dfxfdf/L jf s'g} klg k|sf]ksf] af/]df pd]/ cg';f/sf] cfjZos ;"rgf
tyf hfgsf/Lx? lbg' kb{5 .
 l6=le df dfxfdf/L jf k|sf]ksf] af/]df w]/} hfgsf/L cfO{/xg] x'gfn] l6=le x]g]
{ ;do 5f]6\ofpg' kb5{ / cGo lqmofsnfkdf dg nufpg sfo{ tflnsf
 lgdf0f{ ug'{ kb{5 .-vfgf vfg] , v]Ng] , k9\g] cf/fd ug]{ , b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf
;s];Dd k|sf]k x'g' k"j{sf] ;dodf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/Ln] ug]{ lqmofsnfk;Fu
ldNbf] h'Nbf] x'g' cfjZos 5 ._
 afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/sf] sfddf ;xeflu u/fpg' kb{5 tfls pgLx?nfO{ 3/sf] nflu /
;d'bfosf] nflu s]lx ub}{5' eGg] dxz'; xf];\ .
 ;'Tg] ;dodf a]8df s]lx ;do afnaflnsf ;+u ljtfpg] ug'{ kb{5 .
 pgLx?sf] cfqmf]l;t Jojxf/sf nflu s'g} ;hfo glbO{{sg, of] Jojxf/ Ifl0fssf] nflu
dfq xf] eGg] s'/f ;a} cleefjsn] hfGg' kb{5 .
 pd]/ cg';f/sf plrt Jojxf/nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ .
 ljBfnodf ul/Psf sfo{x ;DemgsfnfO{ ;do;dodf k9\g n]Vg ;Demfpg], ;xof]u ug]
{, kl/Iff lng] ug'{k5{ . ljBfnoaf6 ;+rfng ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?df ;s];Dd ;xefuL
u/fpg' kb{5 .
 k9fO{df cfpg] sd gDa/ jf klxn]sf] eGbf g/fd|f] glthf s]lx ;dosf] nflu xf] To;df
lk/ ug'{kb}{g . ;fdfGo kl/l:ylt ePkl5 lj:tf/} klxn]sf] h:t} glthf xf+l;n ug{
;S5g\ .
 ljBfnosf] k/fdz{bftf ;+u pgLx?sf] Jojxf/sf af/]df s'/fsfgL ug'{k5{ . ljz]if u/]/
pgLx?sf] clxn] eO{ /fv]sf kl/jt{gsf] af/]df .
 pgLx?sf] cfk'mnfO{ / c?nfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL ug]{ af/]sf ljrf/, 3'ls{ / 8/-
qf;nfO{ j]jf:tf ug'{ x'Fb}g . o:tf ljrf/x?, afgLx? b]Vg' ePsf] 5 eg] t'?Gt :jf:Yo
;+:yf jf k/fdz{bftf;Fu ;Dks{ ug'{ kb{5 .
 pgLx?nfO{ k|sf]ksf] ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ cj;/ lbg'kb{5 t/ bjfj eg] l;h{gf
ug'{ x'Fb}g .
 afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/LnfO{ k|sf]ksf] ;dodf kl/jf/sf] sfdx? / efjL of]hgf
agfpg ;xefuL ug'{kb{5 / agfpg k|f]T;fxfg ug'{kb{5 .
o ;'/Iff, ;+/If0f / ;'/lIft jftfj/0f k'gM :yfkgf .
o :j:Yo lhjgsf nflu kf]lifnf] vfgf / :jf:Yofsf] x]/rfx .
 o ;fwf/0f Jojxf/sf nflu k|f]T;fxg .
 a6'n]sf cg'ejnfO{ a'em\g w]/} ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx? lbP/ dbt ug'{kb{5 .
 ;+j]unfO{ k|:t't ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{kb{5 .
 ;Dej ePsf k':ts, tYo hfgsf/L , sn/ ug]{ k':tsx? pknAw ug'{kb{5 .
 lszf]/ tyf lszf]/Lsf] ;d'x lgdf0f{df ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 .
 lgDg ;[hgfTds lqmofsnfkdf ;xeflu ug{ ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 .
 ufog tyf g[To
 v]n,Jofod tyf zf/Ll/s lqmofsnfk
 lrqsnf
 syf jfrg
 kf]k]6 k|b{zg
 gf6s
 v'Nnf n]vg
 ljBfno :t/sf sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ug]{ h;df ;+j]u lgoGq0f / tgfj
Joj:yfkgsf sIffx? klg /fVg] .
 ldl8ofsf k|:t'tLx?nfO{ hgr]tgfsf nflu k|of]u ug]{ .

lgisif{M s'g} klg k|sf]ksf] ;dodf afnaflnsfdf k]6 b'Vg], ;'Tg ufx|f] x'g], 9f8 b'Vg],
k9fO{df Wofg ghfg],l/;fpg] , cflb h:tf Jojxf/x? b]lvg ;S5g\ . t/ a'‰g'kg]
{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg], oL nIo0fx? c;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf b]lvg' eg]sf] dfgl;s /f]u
xf]O{g . of] “c;fdfGo kl/l:yltnfO{ dfgj z/L/ / dgn] b]vfpg] ;fdfGo k|ltlqmof xf]” .
of] s'/f cfkm'n] klg ;lx tl/sfn] a'‰g] / afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx?sf] pd]/ cg';f/ a'‰g]
efiffdf a'emfpg jo:ssf] ;xof]u / ;fysf] cfjZostf /xG5 . olb sf]lx afnaflnsf jf
lszf]/lszf]/LnfO{ nfdf] ;do ;Dd klg o:tf nIo0fx? k|foMh;f] lbgx?df b]lvG5g\ / dfly
pNn]v ul/Psf x]/rfxsf pkfox¿ ckgfpFbf klg /fd|f] eO/fv]sf 5}g, emg b}lgs
ultljlwx¿ / ;fdflhs ultljlwx?df ;d]t afwf eO/fv]sf 5g\ eg] t'?Gt dfgl;s :jf:Yo
ljz]if1sf] ;Dk{sdf hfg' kb{5 .