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Stress is defined as the resisting force per unit area of a body against deformation when an external force is applied. It can be calculated as the ratio of the perpendicular force (F) to the cross-sectional area (A). There are three types of stress: tensile, compressive, and shearing. Strain is a measure of how much an object is deformed or changes dimensions due to stress. It is calculated as the ratio of the change in dimension to the original dimension. The three types of strain are tensile, compressive, and volumetric.

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47 views3 pages

Assignment Physics Group

Stress is defined as the resisting force per unit area of a body against deformation when an external force is applied. It can be calculated as the ratio of the perpendicular force (F) to the cross-sectional area (A). There are three types of stress: tensile, compressive, and shearing. Strain is a measure of how much an object is deformed or changes dimensions due to stress. It is calculated as the ratio of the change in dimension to the original dimension. The three types of strain are tensile, compressive, and volumetric.

Uploaded by

Siti Munirah Binti Zainudin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Stress is a measure of how strong a material is that it can stand some pressure
without changing its physical appearance. The symbol for stress is,  . Stress can be
defined as the resisting force per unit area of a body against deformation when
external force is applied on it. To understand it more, we can imagine the situation
where our hands are stretching a rubber band. When stretching the rubber band, we
can assume that the external force is our hand that pull the rubber band and the
distance when the rubber band stretch is the deformation. While stretching, the rubber
band tends to regain its original position and this is what we call as stress.

In a simple words, stress also can be defined as the ratio of the perpendicular force, F,
to the cross-sectional area, A, as in the formula, stress:

F

A

Where,
F = the force act perpendicular to the cross-sectional area
A = cross-sectional area

The SI Unit of stress is newton per square meter, Nm–2 or Pascal, Pa. There are three
types of stress which are tensile stress, compressive stress and shearing stress.

Tensile stress is defined as the stress which occurs along the sides of the material in
the direction of force. Tensile stress cause objects to change their length but the
volume of the objects will remains constant. Compressive stress is a stress which
compresses the body and make the object smaller in volume. Shearing stress is a force
that causes layers or parts to slide upon each other in opposite directions.Shearing
stress can cause the change in a shape of the body without affecting the volume.

Strain is a measure of how much an object is being stretched. Due to some


external stress, the body tends to change its original dimension. The strain can be
defined as the ratio of change in dimension of the body to the original dimension in
the body. In a simple words, the ratio of change in length or volume of an object to its
original length or volume is what we call strain. The symbol of strain is,  and strain
has no unit. The formula of strain is

L
Strain ,  
L
Where,
L = change in dimension of the body
L = original dimension of the body

There are three types of strain which is tensile strain, compressive strain and
volumetric strain.

Tensile strain is the relative length of deformation exhibited by a specimen subjected


to a tensile force. For example, when we stretch a spring, the spring will elongate,
thus the ratio of elongation length of the spring to its original length of spring is what
we call tensile strain. The formula for tensile strain is

l
TensileStr ain 
lo

Where,
l = elongation length
lo = original length

Compressive strain is the decreases length of the body under the action of the force. In
other word, if we compress an object, the length of the object will become smaller
thus the ratio of change in length of the object to its original length is what we call as
compressive strain. The formula for compressive strain is

l
Compressiv eStrain 
lo

Where,
l = compression length
lo = original length

Volumetric strain is the change of volume of the body under the action of the force.
The formula of volumetric strain is

V
Volumetric Strain 
Vo

Where,
V = the change in volume
Vo = original volume
Conclusion

https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/mechanical-properties-of-solids/stress-and-
strain/

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