Quadratic Equation  ke samne → P

 ke saath → B
P 1
Equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 Trigonometry sin  = =
H cosec 
(a  0) B 1
Basic cos  = =
D= b2 – 4ac H sec 
Mathematics P 1
tan  = =
B cot 
D>0 D=0 D<0
sin  cos  tan  cosec sec cot
Real & distinct Real & same Complex
roots roots roots 0° 0 1 0  1 
−b± b2 −4ac 30° 1/2 3/2 1/ 3 2 2/ 3 3
 =
2a 45° 1/ 2 1/ 2 1 2 2 1
 cos (240)  sec (210) 60° 3/2 1/2 3 2/ 3 2 1/ 3
= cos (90 × 3 – 30) = sec (90 × 2 + 30) 90° 1 0  1  0
–sin 30 = –1/2 = – sec 30 = –2/ 3 /2
What if angle is more than 90°
sin  AIL Angle :- (90 × n + )
 cos (300)  tan (315°)
= cos (90 × 4 – 60) = tan (90×3 + 45°) cosec  (+ve)
= cos (60°) = 1/2 = –cot 45° = –1  0 Odd Even
tan  cos 
 sin (120) = sin(90×1+30) = cos 30 = 3/2 sin ⇌ cos sin → sin cos → cos
cot  sec 
 sin(120) = sin (90×2–60)= sin 60 = 3/2 tan ⇌ cot tan → tan cot → cot
3/2 cosec ⇌ sec sec → sec cosec → cosec
Trigonometry: Binomial Approximation
◉
(1 + )n = 1 + n
5(H) 13(H) →0
(B)4
 12(P) Basic maths Area:
 ◉ Square = L2 ◉ Rectangle = lb
5(B) ◉ Circle = r2 ◉ Ellipse = ab
3(P)
◉ Sphere = 4r2 ◉ Cylinder = 2rL
sin  = 3/5 sin  = 12/13 Important Identities: ◉ triangle = ½ bh
sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
cos  = 4/5 cos  = 5/13 3 2
sin(A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B ◉ Equilateral  = a
tan  = 3/4 tan  = 12/5 cos(A + B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
4
◉ If tan  = 4, find cos , sin  ◉ Trapezium = ½ × (sum of parallel
cos(A – B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
𝑃 4 tan A+tan B side) × (⊥ distance)
if only means ratio of = tan(A + B) =
𝐵 1 1−tan A tan B Volume:
4 1 tan A−tan B
sin  = cos  = tan(A - B) = Cube = L3, Cuboid = Lbh
17 4 17 17 1+tan A tan B
 We can use these to find Cylinder = r3h, Sphere= 4/3 r3
1sin2  + cos2  = 1 sin 75 cos (105) AP Series:
◉ sin 15 tan (165)
1 + tan2  = sec2  a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d …… a + (n – 1)d
𝑛
53 1 + cot2  = cosec2   Sn = [first term + last term]
5 2
3 sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  Small Angle Approx GP Series:
37 cos 2 = cos2 –sin2  sin    𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
tan   
a, ar, ar2, ar3 …… ar(n – 1) Sn =
𝑟−1
4 𝑎
cos   1 Sn = − 𝑟
1
Slope of Analysis:- Type of Slope:- Graphs:-
m1 = –ve Stragiht line:- y = mx + C
It is steepness of Line
1 2 3 m2 = 0 m = slope
m = 2 1 = slope y2
𝑦 −𝑦
(y2–y1)
𝑥2 −𝑥1 m = +ve m = –ve m=0
y1 
(x2–x1) m3 = +ve

x1 x2
Slope of a line is tangent of the angle m = –ve C = intercept
made by line with +ve x in anti-clock |m| =  C = +ve C = –ve C=0
direction.

  m = –ve
|m| =  Ex:- y = –2x + 10 Ex:- y = 5x – 10

m = tan  m = tan  m = tan 

m = +ve
Rectangles Hyperbola
m =- tan  |m| = 
 xy = +C xy = –C
L2 L L2 L1 Parabola (either x or y has power 2)
1
 m = +ve x=y2 y=x2
|m| = 
y=x2 y=x2
 Graphs Differentiation Integration
Differentiation
Circles Ellipse Calculus (1) y = f(x)
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 dependent Independent
+ =1
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 f(x) = sin x + cos x
a>b 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
f 2 = sin 2 + cos 2 = 1
(2) As x → changes y → changes
diff → Rate of change of dependent vary wrt
x 2 + y2 = a 2 to change in independent variable
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝑦
a = radius of circle + =1 𝑦−𝑦
Slope of secant = tan  = diff. = 𝑥 −𝑥1 = 𝑥
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
Both x & y has b>a {average rate of change}
2 1

power 2 & same 𝑑𝑦

Slope of tangent = tan  = {instantaneous
coefficient. 𝑑𝑥
rate of change}

Area = ab
(3) In physics:-
Exponential v = Rate of change of x wrt t =
𝑑𝑥
y2
𝑑𝑡 y 2 – y1
a = Rate of change of v wrt t =
𝑑𝑣
y1 
𝑑𝑡 x2–x1
𝑑𝑞
I = Rate of flow of q wrt t = x1 x2
𝑑𝑡
Differentiation Important formula of Rules Chain Rule Example:
2 +2𝑥+1
d 𝐝 𝑑 𝑛 𝑑 y=𝑒 3𝑥
➢ (a) = 0 ➢ (x2) = 2x  = 𝑛 , 𝑛−1
dx 𝐝𝐱 𝑑𝑦 2
d n 𝐝 –1/2 −𝟏 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 3𝑥 +2𝑥+1 (6𝑥 + 2)
➢ (x ) = nxn–1 ➢ (x ) = x–3/2 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑥
dx
d
𝐝𝐱
𝐝
𝟐 sin  = cos  , y = sin x2
➢ (axn) = a nxn–1 ➢ (25x–7) = –7.25x–8 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
dx 𝐝𝐱 𝑑  
𝑑 = cos 𝑥 2 (2𝑥)
➢
d
(sin x) = cos x Important Points 𝑒 =𝑒 , 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
dx
d ➢ y = xe y = ex 𝑑 𝑑 y = sin2 x
➢ (cos x) = –sin x dy e−1 dy log  =  ,
ഥ 𝑑𝑦
dx ➢ = ex = ex 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
d dx dx 𝑑𝑥
➢ (tan x) = sec2 x 𝑑 𝑑
dx cos  = − sin  , y = log (x2 + 2x + 1)
d 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
➢ (sec x) = sec x tan x 𝑑𝑦
= 2
1
2𝑥 + 2
dx 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 +2𝑥+1
➢
d
(cot x) = –cosec2 x ➢ Addition y = u + v y = 2x3 – 6x2 + 10x + 5
dx y=u+v  y = 6x2 – 12x + 10
d 𝑑𝑦
➢ (cosec x) = –cosec x Subtraction y = u – v = first derivative
dx 𝑑𝑥
cot x y=u–v y = x.ex 𝑑𝑥 1
 =
d Multiplication y = uv y = ex + xex 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥
➢ (ex) = ex
dx
d 1 y = uv + vu 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝑑2𝑦
= second derivative
➢ (ln x) = Division y = u/v y= 𝑑𝑥 2
dx x 𝐱
𝒗𝒖−𝒖𝒗  𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 −𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 y = sin x
𝑑𝑦
= cos x .
𝑑𝑥
y= 𝟐 y= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝒗 𝐱𝟐
➢ 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 Maxima/Minima Integeration ⇒ Area under Curve
𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡 ⇒ Addition.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
find = ⋅ ➢ ∫ 0𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 ➢ ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
= 2𝑎𝑡 = 2𝑎 × ➢ ∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑡 2𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
= 2𝑎 = ➢ find the function ➢ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 𝑛+1
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑎 𝑑𝑦 ➢ ∫ sin𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −cos𝑥 + 𝐶
➢ = = ➢ =0 ➢ ∫ cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 = sin𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
➢ find Critical points 1
➢ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
E: −4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 𝑑2𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 ➢ 2 Calculate ➢ ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
= 8𝑥 − 4 𝑑2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 ➢ 2 > 0 Minima ➢ Indefinite Integration:- Apply formula
0 = 8𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦
& add 𝐶.
1 < 0 Maxima ➢ Definite Integration:- where limits are
𝑥= 𝑑𝑥 2
2 𝑑2𝑦 known.
2
𝑑 𝑦 = 0 Inplextion. 𝑏
= 8 > 0 Minima 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑦ǃ = 12𝑥 − 6 න 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = [𝐹(𝑥)]𝑏𝑎
Ex:- 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 1 𝑎
𝑦Ǘ = 6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 𝑥=0 𝑥=1 = 𝐹(𝑏) − 𝐹(𝑎)
𝑦Ǘ = 0 = 6𝑥 𝑥 − 1 <0 >0 ➢ Physical Significance:- tells about area
𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1 max min under Curve.