the reverse process finding

of a function (the antidetivative), say F(x) whose derivative say f(x) is known/given

Sf(x)aX xc =
+
1.52x-3dx 1.5x3dX =

L, defines the INDEFINITE

INTEGRAL function
=

f. -

ty C
+

z
not
finite = -
2x C
+

F(x) defines
=
a particularintegral function = -

z C
+

of
C constant
=

integration
f(x) INTEGRAND (dctivative
=

F(x))
OF 2.S(X- -
3x 5)dx
+

differential
dx= (defines the variable
element integration
of Sx3
=

-
35x + 5SdX
5x3 3.zy"
=

-
+

5.x C
+

Sb f(x)aX F(x)]*
=
Finite
=

integral Function =
3 -

2x +5x c
+

THEOREM(Constant
of Integration 3.5(3X-2)"dy
two distinctfunctions thathave the same detivative differ atmost by a constant j942
=
-

12x71dy
F,(x)
Let x)
=
-
5 9542dy
= -

125xdx Sd+ +

Fz(x) x8 90543 12.2x2 + 20X C

=

3
=
+ -
+

(1435X x1
=

C
+
-
> S2xdx 15xdx= 373
=

-
6,2 2x
+
+
C

F ',(x) 1y3
=

1.5x +C
=

F'c(x) 2y3 =
=

X
1
C
+
1.S(52 2x)dx
+

SX5
=

ax + 2Sxdx

-,x2.
BASIC PROPERTIES OF
INTEGRATION /
+ e
I. Sdx x
= C
+
IV. S xdx 1. X** + C, provided
=
11-1

# Sady:a Sdy, where a is a constant 5 bydy 1 =

Jydy

5.six,as
S3dx SdX 2.[yz 0 2ypc
=

3
=
=
+

3.x + [
=

a
#.
S[f(x)1g(x)]dx Sf(x)dx 1Sg(x)dx =

&X ↓+

S(8X-3)dx 36x6x 53dX 1Sy*2ax Sxkax 1Sxdx

=

= +
-
-

= &Sxdy -
35dx =
5.50x*(z 5.x z -
y. ,x
+
1
c
+

1.1x2
=

-
3x C
+
R k
= - + +
C

2 x 2 -

3x +
C
6.5 +2x 5ax Integration ofPowers Ssin-y-cos-y dy
+

5. Let v cosy
=

(
=

(y -
5-dx Sezxcy + (Generalized PowerFormula Letv
six4y
=
OF (*) du = f sin by
=

dy (E)
=

E(y3
-

y2)ay ESX' dx E)
-
-

+
x kdx Leta be a differentiable FunctionofX (f) du =
cosy dy (E) -

Idv=sinby dy
=

2Sxkay -
Sx 2ax +
Sx k dy I.du u
=
+
C ↓dv cosy dy
=

Su( tdu)
=
-

20+2.x "2 3t2.x(z 5.2.x

.-ec
=
+
+C InSardo, constant fdu +C,
fu(tdu)
=

=
is at0
-
a
= -
a a =
au

(
=
- +
5X +
C Is.S[f(u) g(u)]du ff(u)du
I =
Ifg(u) du
=
1 .z C
+

=
x + 5X C Ia(vdu .v**,n
= =
1
=
y-y c +

Is. Sv'du Stdv f

= = =(n(u) C +

2.Sj1y
dy I
Verify: +. =

sy c
+
Recall:six
"
6
+
c20 1 =

S -is
=

dy 1.S(x- 2)dx +
2.6 -

x(x2 2)2ax +

j(1 c0spy) c - + = ? six? E 1

=
-
1050
=

S-dy SX+(yz 1bX

=
+
Leu x =
2
+

- jc0spy c
- +
=

=
3(y+3y -

zSy3dy (5 7
=
x
1x 2(b)du 2xdx(t)
+ +
+
=

bcos"by c
- +
=

13"-
1.5mete =du xdX
=
=

0.Sthere
3.55-3 dy S(x
= + 2)2xdX 6 ·
Sedy 7.5 d, 9.5(3) ax 2x3 3x 5
- +

ama (am)"
S(2y 3)"dy S(23)by 2,6X
(( Stry-x x
=

= -
Sv(zdu)
=
= :
=

0.SkE-3zae I Sc =
Le v e3 3,2 Letv 1n4z
x
Le u 2y 3
+
= - =
du +
=
|v 2 t =
- =
Le v 2x= 3x 5
t
= -
+

(i)du zdy(t) =

=1. +C du 23by
=

(j)du =62 ax (6) =

+
dv zbz
=

du xy 3dx
=
-

2(2az 12Sz 22z 9Szdz Idv dy =(2) 3Sn2z)12 S-3)

-

S(235.edy
=

a 2dx
-
+
= c
+
= -
+ =
=

+
=

zz 9.z
1 p
02-3
10 120+ c
S(2y-3)" by Su 2(dx 3S((72)" dz S3x+
= - +

2x-3dx
=

du
- +

3
= =
= =
-

5
Id

55 2 +c

ic
=
Sv"3 (1 S sixPOCOSO 1S2522dx 3S v2 dv =S R du
-

dr)
-

dO
+
= .
+
=
=
x

=
E n' b0 Letu sixQ
=
=

(bav)
1S = =

3.x C +
=Sv"du

9. ST0x*25dx =
t.v +
c dO
br COSE =
=
C
+

1.
=

jSIn(u)du -
=

+c =
+C
"
S( 1.3
3
5)8dx C =S rdu 5.((z 3,2x) C 2vz C
=

+ 2
=

= = =
+

u
+ +
-

3
SX- 5dx =23-3) == zz,
x)
(((z) 2k C
-

2 c
au 2 C
=

+
+
=
=
+
=
+
+
-

SEry.-amode
0
+C
SXax
=

- 5Sdy *
=

2(3x
=

5 +
C
+

- 1.Tax"(x)

10.SERY, =asi,
5x C
a
=

ax
+

Sy 3dy 6Sy1dy z
1S+(x)( 1ax)
-
=
=
+

SyTidy 6Sy1by
=
+
Letu =
tan(x) 1) Edu
=

, 1.3 +
c
+

a
x
=

,dx 1.t.z
=

C
+

=
-

53, + -
z c
+

=
ex
Stax =
(tan"(x))" C
+
S
=Sitesa
yay

* ax

=) X- dy
S5ax
=

S-
=

S(n(x)
=

=C