Open Ended Lab Project

Precision Machining of Sample for UTS Test: Utilizing Lathe

Machine for Dimensional Accuracy

Course Name

Engineering Material

Submitted to

Sir Qaiser Mehmood

Submitted By

Hattam Khan 22-ME-106

Anas Sanaghar 22-ME-110
Muhammad Raffay 22-ME-122
Muhammad Ahmed 22-ME-182

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
July 2023
 Precision Machining of Sample for UTS Test: Utilizing Lathe
Machine for Dimensional Accuracy

Introduction
Universal tensile strength testing, also known as tensile testing or tension testing, is a fundamental
mechanical test used to determine the mechanical properties and behavior of materials under tension.
It is a widely employed method for evaluating the strength and ductility of materials, ranging from
metals and plastics to textiles and composites. Tensile testing provides valuable information about a
material's response to applied forces, allowing engineers and researchers to assess its suitability for
various applications.

The primary objective of universal tensile strength testing is to measure the maximum load a
material can withstand before breaking or undergoing permanent deformation. This measurement is
known as the tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Additionally, the test helps determine
other critical properties, such as yield strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, and fracture
toughness.

The universal tensile strength testing machine consists of several key components, including a
load frame, grips, extensometers, and a data acquisition system. The load frame applies the force to
the specimen, while the grips securely hold the specimen in place to prevent slippage. Extensometers
are used to measure the specimen's deformation, providing data on strain and elongation. The data
acquisition system records and analyzes the load and deformation data, enabling the calculation of
various mechanical properties.

UTS Test machine

Background
The background of Universal Tensile Strength (UTS) testing can be traced back to the
early days of material science and engineering. The need to understand and quantify the
 mechanical properties of materials has been a fundamental aspect of human innovation and
technological advancement throughout history.One of the earliest recorded applications of
tensile testing dates back to the 18th century when the British engineer and scientist Thomas
Young conducted experiments to measure the strength of iron wires. However, it wasn't until
the late 19th century that systematic and standardized tensile testing methods began to emerge.
The development of universal tensile strength testing as we know it today can be
attributed to the pioneering work of engineers and scientists during the Industrial Revolution.
The increasing demand for stronger materials and improved manufacturing processes
necessitated the development of reliable testing techniques.In the late 19th and early 20th
centuries, advancements in materials science and engineering, coupled with the standardization
efforts by organizations like ASTM International (formerly known as the American Society for
Testing and Materials), led to the establishment of testing protocols and equipment for tensile
testing. This standardization allowed for consistent and comparable results across different
laboratories and industries.
Over time, tensile testing has evolved to accommodate a wide range of materials,
including metals, polymers, composites, textiles, and more. Standardized test specimen
geometries, such as the ASTM E8 for metallic materials and the ASTM D638 for plastics, have
been established to ensure consistency and comparability of results within specific material
categories.The information obtained from tensile testing is invaluable for engineers, researchers,
and manufacturers. It helps in material selection, quality control, design optimization, and
failure analysis. Tensile testing is used to determine properties such as ultimate tensile strength
(UTS), yield strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, and fracture toughness. These
properties play a crucial role in ensuring the structural integrity and performance of materials in
various applications.
Today, universal tensile strength testing remains a vital tool in material science and
engineering, supporting advancements in fields such as aerospace, automotive, construction,
manufacturing, and beyond. The continuous refinement of testing methodologies, coupled with
advancements in technology and data analysis techniques, continues to enhance our
understanding of material behavior and drive innovation in the development of new and
improved materials.
Properties of Sample used for UTS test
In UTS testing, the selection and preparation of an appropriate sample are crucial for obtaining
reliable and representative data on the material's behavior. The sample should accurately represent the
material's microstructure, geometry, and mechanical properties, while also being compatible with the
testing equipment and conditions.
Here are some key considerations when choosing a sample for creep testing:
Material Type: UTS test can be performed on a wide range of materials, including metals, alloys,
ceramics, polymers, and composites. The sample should be composed of the material of interest, and
its composition should be representative of the application or specific study being conducted.
Geometry: The shape and size of the sample can vary depending on the testing requirements and
standards. Common geometries include cylindrical, rectangular, or disk-shaped specimens. The choice
of geometry depends on factors such as the material's form, testing equipment, and the desired stress
distribution within the sample.
Homogeneity: The sample should exhibit uniform composition and microstructure to ensure
consistent results. Inhomogeneities or defects in the material, such as cracks, voids, or impurities, can
significantly affect the uts behavior and lead to premature failure. Care must be taken to minimize any
potential sources of variability or defects.
Specimen Preparation: Proper specimen preparation is essential to ensure accurate and reliable
results. The sample should be carefully machined or fabricated to meet the required dimensions and
surface finish. Techniques such as cutting, grinding, polishing, or machining may be employed
depending on the material and its specific characteristics.
Sample Orientation: In some cases, the orientation of the sample with respect to the material's
microstructure or anisotropic properties may be important. For anisotropic materials, testing along
specific directions can provide insights into their directional uts behavior.

UTS Test Sample

Procedure
We Followed following procedure to prepare sample for creep test
1. Material Preparation
 We obtain aluminum rods of suitable dimensions for the UTS test from lab.
 We ensure the rods are clean and free from any contaminants or surface defects.
2. Lathe machine setup:
 Set up the lathe machine and secure the aluminum rod in the chuck securely.
 Align the rod properly to ensure accurate machining.
3. Operations on Lathe
 We used turning,tapper turnimg & drilling operations on lathe machine to prepare the sample
for creep test according to dimensions provided.

sample preparation on lathe 1

4. Finishing & Inspection

 Once all the machining operations are complete, we remove the aluminum rod from the lathe
machine.
 We Inspect the sample visually to ensure it meets the required dimensions and surface finish.
Conclusion
In this project, the objective was to prepare samples for UTS test using aluminum rods on a lathe
machine. A total of five samples were successfully prepared using various lathe machine operations,
including turning, drilling, and taper turning.
The turning operation involved reducing the diameter of the aluminum rods uniformly along their
length. Multiple passes were made with gradually decreasing depths of cut until the desired diameter
was achieved. The drilling operation involved drilling a 6mm diameter hole at a specified location
along the length of each sample. Careful attention was given to aligning the drill bit accurately and
maintaining a consistent speed and feed rate. The taper turning operation was performed to create a
tapered shape along the length of the samples, with the angle and length determined according to the
project requirements.
After completing the machining operations, the samples were inspected for dimensional accuracy and
surface finish. Any necessary finishing operations, such as sanding or polishing, were performed to
achieve the desired surface quality. The samples were then ready for the subsequent UTS test.
The knowledge and skills gained through this project, including machining techniques and quality
control, are valuable for future endeavors in materials testing and manufacturing processes.