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NOTES (2024-2025) Subject: Science (Biology) Class: Vii Chapter: 10. Respiration in Organisms

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29 views

NOTES (2024-2025) Subject: Science (Biology) Class: Vii Chapter: 10. Respiration in Organisms

Uploaded by

crowemojo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NOTES (2024-2025)

Subject: SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) Class: VII


CHAPTER: 10. RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Draw a well labelled diagram of human –respiratory system.

2. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

a) It is the process of breakdown of It is the process of breakdown of glucose in


glucose in the presence of oxygen. the absence of oxygen.

b) Glucose is completely oxidized. Glucose is incompletely oxidized.


c)
The end products formed are CO2, The end products formed are CO2, ethyl
H2O, and energy. alcohol or lactic acid, and energy.

d)
Energy released is more. The energy released is less.

e)
It takes place in all organisms. It takes place in lower organisms like yeast
and the muscles of man.

3. Define breathing rate.

Breathing rate is the number of times a person breathes in a minute. (15 – 18 times per min)

4. Define cellular respiration.

The process of chemical breakdown of food in the cell with the release of energy is called cellular
respiration.

5. Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration.

6. Why do we get muscle cramps during heavy exercise?

The partial breakdown of glucose occurs during anaerobic respiration in muscles, due to the lack
of sufficient oxygen. It results in the production of lactic acid. Thus, muscle cramps are caused
due to the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles.
7. Differentiate between cellular respiration and breathing.

Cellular respiration. Breathing

a) It is the chemical breakdown of a) It is taking in of air which is rich in


glucose.
oxygen and gives out air rich in carbon
b) It is a biochemical process. dioxide.

c) It produces energy.
b) It is a physical process.
d) It occurs in the presence of
c) It consumes energy.
respiratory enzymes.
d)No enzymes are required for this process
e) It is an intracellular process.
e) It is an extracellular process.

8. Explain the mechanism of breathing in human beings.

The process of breathing in humans involves both inhalation and exhalation.

Inhalation: The ribs move up and outwards while the diaphragm moves down during the
process of inhalation. This movement increases the volume of the lungs and reduces pressure
inside the lungs. Therefore, the air outside the nostrils which is at higher pressure enters the
lungs through the nostrils.

Exhalation: The ribs move down and inwards while the diaphragm moves upwards to its normal
position during the process of exhalation. This reduces the volume of the lungs and increases
the pressure inside the chest cavity. Thus, air is being pushed out of the lungs.

9. Why do we often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air?

Our nasal cavity contains hairs and a sticky mucus layer, on which dust particles are entrapped.
Sometimes these particles may pass through the nasal cavity. It results in irritating the sensory
lining of the nasal cavity and leads to sneezing.
10. What is the function of spiracles in insects?

Spiracles are small openings that help to carry out breathing in insects.

11. What are gills?

Gills are the respiratory organs of aquatic animals like fishes, prawns, and mussels. They are the
projections of the skin which help to draw in oxygen dissolved in water and give out carbon
dioxide from the body.

12. Define a) cutaneous respiration b) Pulmonary respiration

a) Cutaneous respiration is the process of exchange of gases through skin. Ex: Earthworm, frog

b) Pulmonary respiration is the process of exchange of gases through the lungs. Ex: Humans,
frog

13. Explain the process of breathing in cockroaches.

A cockroach has spiracles on the sides of its body. The air rich in oxygen enters through
spiracles into the tracheal tubes. From here, the air diffuses into the body tissue and reaches
every cell of the body through tracheoles. Similarly, the carbon dioxide released by the cells goes
into the tracheal tube and moves out through spiracles.

14. In what respect, does the respiration in plants differ from that in animals?

Respiration in plants differs from animals in three aspects:

i) All parts of a plant such as the stem, root, and leaf perform respiration individually.

ii) Little transport of gases takes place in plants.

iii) Plant respiration occurs at a much slower rate.

15. What are lenticels?

Lenticels are tiny openings present in the plant stem and roots when they become old. They help
in gaseous exchange between the soil and inner living cells of the plant.

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