© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Grade 7
Answer Key

Practice
Grammar

Answer Key i
 MODULE 1
THE SENTENCE
Sentence Sense The Predicate
EXERCISE 1, page 88 EXERCISE 7
1. n.s. 6. s.;. . 1. gathered along the shore of New York Harbor
2. s.; ? 7. n.s. 2. was the hundredth birthday of Lady Liberty
3. n.s. 8. s.; . 3. For the big event, repaired the statue
4. s.; . or! 9. s.; . or! 4. cost more than sixty-nine million dollars
5. s.; . 10. s.; ? 5. was ready for her birthday party
6. had new elevators, a new torch, and a repaired crown
EXERCISE 2, page 88 7. At the celebration, saw a dazzling display of fireworks
1. dec.; . 8. soared into the sky over the harbor
2. exc.; ! 9. From the enormous crowd of people came
3. imp.; . or! 10. was one of the largest displays of fireworks in the
4. exc.; ! or dee.; . history of the United States
5. int.; ?
EXERCISE 8
1. writes funny stories about his childhood
Run-on Sentences 2. will be closed on Fridays during the summer
3. want pizza and salad for supper
EXERCISE 3 4. can never remember our new telephone number
(Answers may vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. The farm is in Pennsylvania. It is near the city of 5. Put the dirty dishes in the sink
Gettysburg.
2. Garulo went to Argentina. He learned about Falabella
horses there. Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs
3. They look just like full-sized horses, but they are the size EXERCISE 9
of dogs. s. v.
4. They are very tame, and they seem to enjoy performing.
5. Visitors can watch the miniature horses jump. These 1. Apples; oranges are
animals also dance and pull tiny wagons. 2. Vitamin C; fiber are found
3. oranges; juice contain
EXERCISE 4
(Answers may vary. Possible responses are given.) 4. Iron; vitamins are
Our class went on a spring trip to Baltimore, Maryland. 5. eggs; eggs are
It was really fun. In the morning, we strolled along the Inner
Harbor and looked at all the sailboats. We saw a tropical
rain forest and a coral reef at the National Aquarium in EXERCISE 10
Baltimore. Later we visited Fort McHenry. The flag waving
over this fort gave Francis Scott Key the idea to write s. v.
“The Star-Spangled Banner.” Finally, we toured the USS 1. sun gives; provides
Constellation, one of the first U.S. warships. It was built in 2. penguins stand; cuddle
1797.
3. John bought; arrived
4. birds; dinosaurs existed; are
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The Subject 5. leaves turn; fall

EXERCISE 5 6. (you) Staple; clip
1. scientists 6. Hurricane Hugo 7. Titanic hit; sank
2. United States National 7. birds
8. problems look; were
Cancer Institute
3. Jenna 8. cassowaries 9. Father Will drive; (will) take
4. rain forest 9. cassowary 10. Magda read; wrote
5. “El Yunque” 10. people

EXERCISE 6
1. The people of this culture
2. The buildings of their capital city
3. The capital, called Great Zimbabwe,
4. More than ten thousand people
5. fascinated tourists

Answer Key 1
 Module Review
A.
1. imp.; .
2. exc.; !
3. int.; ?
4. dee.; .
5. imp.; . or !

B.
1. The baseball team had never won a championship in the
history of our school.
2. During the season, the players and coaches worked hard.
3. Their dedication to the game was obvious.
4. Among their greatest achievements was perfect
attendance by each player.
5. People in this town may never again feel such pride
and joy.

C.
s. v.
1. woman wrote
2. she visited
3. jail housed
4. schoolteacher was horrified
5. states built

D.
(Answers will vary. This excercise will be satisfactorily
completed if the student’s sentences include at least five
compound subjects-and five compound verbs labeled
correctly.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 2
 MODULE 2
PARTS OF SPEECH
Nouns EXERCISE 6
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
EXERCISE 1 1. The dress was made of taffeta and lace.
class nouns She chose silk dress material.
1. abs.; abs.; con. joy; time; beach 2. Please stack the wood in the comer.
2. con .; con. Milky Way; stars I think a wood fire is more beautiful than a coal fire.
3. con.; abs. Harriet; eternity 3. His committee voted on the issue.
4. con.; con.; con. Thomas Edison; pioneers; Too many committee members were absent.
movies 4. Our boat comes out of the water on the day after
5. con.; con.; con. Greece; athletes; crown Labor Day.
There is a long lineup at the boat ramp.
EXERCISE 2
5. Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
Lincoln pennies are becoming more and more rare
1. President Trump traveled to Florida.
2. Coastal Waters was written by Christine Cummins. these days.
3. “Our Tallest Old Building,” about the Empire State 6. The scratch on my arm is from our new kitten.
Building, was in USA Today I wrote a rough draft of the letter on scratch paper.
4. Emma Stone stars in The Favourite. 7. The black in the painting really shows up.
5. Vinny moved to Salzburg, Austria. Black ink spilled on my desk.
8. My grandfather lived in Texas when he was young.
The restaurant served my favorite Texas chili.
Pronouns 9. We enjoyed fresh seafood at a restaurant in
Gloucester, MA.
EXERCISE 3 Seafood salad makes a tasty lunch on a warm
pron. ante. summer day.
1. its, its pony 10. The local police chief gave an interesting speech at our
2. his Mr. Chisholm school.
3. they flowers
My sister read a speech book before running for
4. he, his lumberjack
class president.
5. I Rafael
11. My cat knocked a glass vase off the table. Cat food was
6. I Jaime
7. his Grandfather on sale at the supermarket.
8. you, your, you Adam 12. Jamila likes to keep at least one flower on her
9. you, me Alejandro, Jason windowsill.
10. I, he, his none; Andrés Do you like the flower arrangement?

EXERCISE 4 Demonstrative and Proper Adjectives

1. Leonardo da Vinci painted his masterpiece the Mona
Lisa in the early 1500s. EXERCISE 7
2. Some people disagree about the real name of the adj. pron.
painting Mona Lisa-it could be La Gioconda. 1. this
3. Lisa del Giocondo was the model for the painting, and 2. That
she had no eyebrows. 3. this
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. this Those
4. Because Mona Lisa’s smile is unusual, it has caused
5. These
many arguments.
5. Because many painters wanted to paint like da Vinci, EXERCISE 8
they copied his masterpiece. common proper
1. cotton, work
2. French
Adjectives 3. immigrant
4. heavy, gold, their, hard
EXERCISE 5 5. many, his, heavy-duty
adj. word modified 6. few, this, canvas, softer
1. Most, hot, humid tornadoes, days 7. copper, pocket Russian Jewish
2. shiny, new, old, historical skyscrapers, buildings 8. blue
3. Summer, two temperatures, months 9. famous San Francisco
4. many, clear stars, sky 10. these, practical, popular,
5. eighty-one billion tons fashion

Answer Key 3
 Module Review 2. powerful (stories)
beautiful (Yorkshire, England)
A.
grassy (hills)
1. n.; adj. 6. n.; n. rich (background)
2. pron.; pron. 7. adj.; n.
several (characters)
3. pron.; n. 8. n.; adj.
memorable (characters)
4. n.; adj. 9. pron.; adj.
3. all (characters)
5. adj.; adj. 10. pron.; n.
major (characters)
B. 4. real-life (veterinarian)
these (stories)
pron. ante.
outstanding (stories)
1. you Mr.Mayor 5. many (ways)
2. his Louis Armstrong
unforgettable (tours)
3. we people
small (towns)
4. she, her Wenona
5. I, my boy rural (towns)
northern (part)
C.
1. One (book) D.
excellent (book) (Answers will vary. The exercise will be satisfactorily
popular (series) completed if the student writes five short sentences with
television (series) sensory detail. Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives should be
identified.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 4
 MODULE 3
PARTS OF SPEECH
Verbs 7. had been invented had been
8. douse do
EXERCISE 1 9. aremade are
1. visited 10. have been tried have been
2. Throw
3. saw EXERCISE 7
4. waters
5. melt verb phrase helping verb
1. had moved had
EXERCISE 2 2. had become had
1. intr. 3. had been elected had been
2. trans. 4. was elected was
3. trans. 5. is regarded is
4. trans. 6. was born was
5. intr. 7. did receive did
8. was married was
EXERCISE 3 9. had chosen had
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 10. would become would
1. Did you bake cookies for the conference?
(transitive)
My dad bakes every Saturday. (intransitive) Adverbs
2. In all the confusion, I forgot the package.
EXERCISE 8
(transitive)
In all the confusion, I forgot. (intransitive) adverb(s) word(s) modlfled
3. A few in the class joined the debating team. 1. too, too long, expensive
2. then Was shining
(transitive)
3. soon will call
Everyone joined in the song. (intransitive)
4. Suddenly, extremely pounded, high
4. On the weekends, my brother and I play chess.
5. Yesterday visited
(transitive) 6. fiercely, angrily growled
The football team will play on Saturday. 7. later, unusually seemed, heavy
(intransitive) 8. seldom, outside goes
5. Stop that car! (transitive) 9. always does
Did the car stop at the red light? (intransitive) 10. well, amazingly works, well

EXERCISE 9
Linking Verbs (Answers will vary . Possible responses are given. Students
should use a different adverb for each sentence .)
EXERCISE 4
1. This puppet is quite clever.
1. Is 6. seems 2. Children can be surprisingly dishonest.
2. appeared 7. is 3. The actors were unbelievably happy after the movie
3. felt 8. had been reviews came out.
4. became 9. looks 4. The paths down the mountain are rather narrow .
5. grew 10. can be 5. Why does she keep such an unusually neat
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

desk?
EXERCISE 5
linking verb words connected 6. All of us were thoroughly nervous before the test.
1. appears planet—red 7. An especially sweet neighbor brought fruit.
2. is It—smaller 8. How much taller is he than I?
3. has been Mars—source 9. The choir members were overly tired.
4. remains icecap—frozen 10. That’s far too valuable to take on the trip.
5. grows icecap—larger
Review Exercise
Helping Verbs A.
EXERCISE 6 verb words connected
verb phrase helping verb a.v. 1. Can picture
1. can be traced can be a.v. 2. ruled
2. have remained have a.v. 3. had
3. has changed has a.v. 4. have been preserved
4. would hit would l.v. 5. might have felt skin, scaly
5. was filled was l.v. 6. were dinosaurs, huge
6. wereused were l.v. 7. might have been dinosaurs, warm-blooded
Answer Key 5
 l.v. 8. were plant-eaters, size EXERCISE 13
a.v. 9. do know (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
l.v. 10.will remain appearance, mystery 1. Oh! I hope this is not the director’s last film.
2. Oops! I forgot the leading lady could be the murderer .
B. 3. Ouch! I bet that fall hurt!
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 4. Ugh, I’d hate to land in that puddle.
1. The team had gone to the stadium early. 5. Well, the actors were well-suited to their roles .
2. It was quite an enjoyable trip.
3. The deer ran quickly across the meadow.
4. During the storm the girls went inside. Module Review
5. Did Carlos buy the tickets today?
A.
C. 1. v. 6. intj.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.You may 2. intj. 7. adv.
want to suggest that students use the charts on 3. prep. 8. v.
pages 109 and 113.) 4. adv. 9. conj.
1. Stretch your arms above your head. 5. conj. 10. prep.
(Stretch/action verb)
2. Your hands should be open , with the palms forward. B.
(should be/linking verb) action verb linking verb
3. Your legs should remain relaxed, but steady. (should 1. carried
remain/linking verb) 2. gave
4. Gently bend at the waist, first to the left, then to the 3. helped
right. (bend/action verb) 4. is building
5. Your muscles may feel tighter after this exercise! (may 5. are moving
feel/linking verb) 6. tastes
7. has become
8. showed
Prepositions 9. are
10. is, is
EXERCISE 10
C.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. prep., adv.
1. behind 6. in
2. adv., adv.
2. near 7. beside
3. prep., prep.
3. through 8. for
4. prep., adv.
4. next to 9. at
5. adv., adv.
5. under 10. over
D.
EXERCISE 11 (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. prep. 1. The science test was very hard.—adjective
2. prep. Pearly whacked the ball quite hard.—adverb
3. adv. 2. Haven’t I met you before?—adverb
4. prep. Leon did his exercise before breakfast. —preposition
5. adv. 3. After the storm my puppy was so wet.—adverb
Tanya pushed the canoe across the river so we could
miss the rapids.—conjunction
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Conjunctions and Interjections

4. We rehearsed daily, yet we were not prepared.—
EXERCISE 12, page 120 conjunction.
The runners have not started yet.—adverb
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 5. Well. can you believe it? —interjection
1. Both, and 6. while Are you well today? —adjective
2. but 7. Although
3. Not only, but also 8. No sooner/than
4. yet 9. yet
5. Neither, nor, for 10. and

Answer Key 6
 MODULE 4
COMPLEMENTS
Direct Objects 7. were Natalie Wood, George
Chakiris, Richard Beymer
EXERCISE 1
8 is version
1. dog 6. questions 9. were “Tonight,” “Maria”
2. wallet, jacket 7. directions 10. was Leonard Bernstein
3. brother 8. Spanish, French
4. rules 9. message EXERCISE 6
5. movie 10. air
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
EXERCISE 2 1. An encyclopedia is a reference book.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 2. My best friends are Lisette and Jobelle.
1. baseball 6. race 3. Some industrial gases are argon, nitrogen, helium,
2. helicopter. 7. party and neon.
3. Ryan. 8. awards 4. This rock is granite.
4. football 9. players 5. The winners of the award for best short story will be
5. curve ball 10. soccer Mina and I.

Indirect Objects Predicate Adjectives

EXERCISE 3 EXERCISE 7
i.o. d.o. l.v. p.a.
1. dog trick
2. them map 1. smells good
3. me ride 2. is cloudy, dark
4. class poem
5. us address 3. is funny
6. me postcard 4. became limp, wilted
7. Kim, Filbert story 5. remained brave
8. neighbors vegetables
9. hikers warning
10. sister, brother jacket EXERCISE 8
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
EXERCISE 4 1. The oranges weren’t ripe.
1. Minnie told us the whole story.
2. That dog is always wet.
2. Last month, she wrote the city council a letter.
3. She gave them several ideas about summer programs for 3. My doctor usually seems friendly.
kids. 4. Julio felt sick.
4. They offered Minnie and her classmates summer jobs. 5. Soccer can be exciting.
5. Together, the class taught the neighborhood children
many games.
6. They also offered the children swimming lessons. Review Exercise
7. The city owed Minnie many thanks for her ideas and her
A.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

organizational skills.
1. d.o.
8. The neighborhood parents bought Minnie a trophy.
2. pred. adj.
9. All the children brought Minnie and the swimming 3. pred. nom.
coaches cards and banners. 4. pred. adj.
10. Minnie had given the city a summer of fun. 5. d.o.

B.
Predicate Nominatives (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
EXERCISE 5 1. Most volcanoes are cone-shaped .
l.v. p.n. (mountains; predicate nominative)
1. was planet—red 2. Powerful forces inside earth cause .
2. is It—smaller (volcanoes; direct object)
3. has become Mars—source 3. Melted rock deep in the earth is called .
4. was icecap—frozen (magma; direct object)
5. is icecap—larger 4. When rock melts, it produces . (gas;
6. might be West Side Story direct object)
5. The gas-filled magma is than the solid
rock around it. (lighter; predicate adjective)
Answer Key 7
 Chapter Review 4. Two important historical figures are Jane Addams and
Florence Nightingale.
A.
5. The weather today is sunny.
1. teacher p.n.
2. feelings d.o. C.
3. program d.o. (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
4. simple, wise p.a.
5. people d.o. 1. Profile: Abdul plays basketball with the Phoenix
6. knowledgeable p.a. Suns. He is a guard.
7. them i.o. Complements used: basketball—d.o.; guard—p.n.
chance d.o. 2. Profile: Etta May is a doctor. She has a private
8. “Group Conversation” p.n. practice in Detroit.
9. Martin Luther King, Jr.; p.n. Complements used: doctor—p.n.; practice—d.o.
Eleanor Roosevelt; George 3. Profile: Pauline flies planes. She is a pilot with
Washington Carver Overseas Airlines.
10. program d.o. Complements used: planes—d.o.; pilot—p.n.
4. Profile: Otis is a published author. His latest book
B. is Adventures in Spain.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) Complements used: author—p.n.; Adventures in
1. My favorite singer is Beyoncé. Spain—p.n.
2. The river is wide and deep.
3. Ms. Robinson made lim and Elise some sandwiches.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 8
 MODULE 5
THE PHRASE
Prepositional Phrases EXERCISE 6
EXERCISE 1 (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. On the beach I saw a crab with long legs.
prep. prep. phrase
2. I like the design on the green car.pet.
1. about about comfort
3. Peru is on the western coast of South America.
2. in in a shoe’s style and color
4. Dorinda writes newspaper articles about
3. Over Over the years
4. with with open toes sports and medicine.
5. of of Rome 5. The trophies were on the table between the
6. in during the Middle Ages four students.
7. morning; mat, closet in wide, floppy shoes
8. on on their armor
9. from from rough weather Adverb Phrases
10. In; with In recent years; with fancy EXERCISE 7
designs and bright colors
adv.phrase word modified
EXERCISE 2 1. in nature common
2. for long periods can travel
object prep. phrase 3. Across northern Canada migrate
1. Rosa except Rosa 4. in herds live
2. them to them 5. into open areas; for food move;look
3. state of a state 6. for the woods head
4. world in the world 7. on small plants feed
5. Southeast Asia from Southeast Asia 8. for great distances can fly
9. In a single year travel
EXERCISE 3
10. after the long trip soon
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 11. near the Arctic Circle nest
1. The clown had a dove under his hat. 12. for Antarctica; leave
2. At that moment the sky grew dark, and I in the autumn leave
heard a sound like that of a freight train. 13. With small radios have mapped
3. I want a dog with brown eyes. 14. During its lifetime may travel
4. Central Park, as the name implies, is in the 15. over long distances carry
center of the city. 16. to the North return
5. Yolanda and Ted went to the mall. 17. in stages make
18. at small ponds; stop
for food and water stop
Adjective Phrases 19. In the air lead
20. in protected positions fly
EXERCISE 4
adj.phrase word modified EXERCISE 8
1. in the photograph man (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
2. to society contributions
1. In the rain forest the scientists collected rare plants.
3. of migrant labor camps; series; scene
2. Chandra bought a CD player with her savings.
of his youth
3. The dog hid under the old bed.
4. for migrant farm workers conditions
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. At four o’clock the great cathedral bell rang.

5. to them dedication
5. The uniforms were chosen by the team.
6. against the California strike
6. After the long movie, we went home.
growers
7. of the strike leaders one
8. of the United Farm Workers organizer Review Exercise 1
9. about Chavez’s early Stories
struggles A.
10. about him articles prep. phrase prep. object
1. in Mei-Ling’s life in life
EXERCISE 5 2. in the Air Force in Air Force
adj.phrase word modified 3. near Los Angeles near Los Angeles
1. of the seaside town view 4. During the first weeks; During weeks
2. of whitewashed stone; Houses; road through basic training through training
to the pier 5. After that time; for certain After; After;
3. with long tails kites jobs for jobs
4. from one; of the islands boat; one 6. to a special school to school
5. to the island visit 7. in radar in radar

Answer Key 9
 8. of space medicine of medicine 4. Developing their skills people
9. Within a few months; Within; months; 5. working hard people
of assignments of assignments 6. started in A.O. 920 Pueblo Bonita
10. in the Air Force in Air Force 7. connecting each level ladders
8. using dry-land farming Anasazi
B. 9. lasting for many years drought
prep. phr. type word modified 10. Abandoning these homes Anasazi
1. in a spacecraft adj. Life
2. from the air adv. removes
3. of the air adj. tern pera ture Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases
4. for astronauts adj. problem
EXERCISE 13
5. On long space adv. must exercise
1. to travel
C. 2. to learn
3. To leave
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
4. to memorize
1. Place the couch in front of the south window. 5. To prepare
adv. phrase adj. phrase 6. to repair
1. in front of the south window 7. To escape
8. to practice
9. To succeed
Verb Phrases and Verbals 10. to read
EXERCISE 9
EXERCISE 14
1. a. v.
1. to protect themselves in many ways
b. v.phr.
2. to match their surroundings
2. a. v.
3. to change its color for protection
b. v.phr.
4. to play tricks on their enemies
3. a. v.
5. to escape their enemies
b. v.phr. 6. To replace their old tails
4. a. v. 7. to fly short distances
b. v.phr. 8. to sail from tree limb to tree limb
5. a. v. 9. to defend themselves
b. v.phr. 10. to whip its enemy
EXERCISE 10
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) Review Exercise 2
1. a. was driving
A.
b. driving
2. a. hidden verbal type
b. has been hiding 1. Exhausted part.
3. a. lost 2. to interview inf.
b. were losing 3. known as pueblos ruins
4. a. will be cooking 4. frozen part.
5. laughing part.
b. cooked
6. To succeed inf.
5. a. Worrying
7. to answer inf.
b. were worrying 8. Broken part.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. to find inf.
10. challenging part.
Participles and Participial Phrases
EXERCISE 11 B.
particip le word modified phrase type
1. fallen tree 1. to circle the sun once inf.
2. setting sun 2. to imagine a world like Jupiter inf.
3. buried treasure 3. Covered by thick clouds part.
4. deserted village 4. swirling constantly part.
5. winning ticket 5. discovered three hundred years part.
ago
EXERCISE 12 6. to vary in color inf.
part. phr. word modified 7. to photograph the surface of inf.
1. lining the canyons ruins Jupiter
2. Dating from the thirteenth they 8. to get a close-up view of the inf.
century planet
3. known as pueblos ruins 9. Moving at great speeds part.
10. To reach the distant planet inf.

Answer Key 10
 C. B.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) phrase type
My favorite place is the movie house located in the center 1. for hot-air balloon trips prep. phr.
of town (part. phr.) . I come here every weekend to see 2. on an adventurous trip prep. phr.
movies about foreign countries (inf. phr.). Hearing different 3. Guided by wind currents; verbal phr.
languages and music (part. phr.) makes me want to travel by wind currents; prep. phr.
(inf. phr.). Redecorating the building (part phr.) was a big over the mountain prep. phr.
project last year. To get to the balcony. (inf. phr.) you had to 4. To float over the snow- verbal phr.
climb a wide spiral staircase. (inf. phr .) clad Alps;
over the snow-clad Alps prep. phr.
5. to make a hot-air balloon verbal phr.
Module Review flight
A. C.
prep. object word/phr. phrase type
modified 1. To record language; inf. phr.
1. from scraps made in civilization’s prep. phr.
2. of fruits bowl development
3. behind house hill 2. of true writing; prep. phr.
4. During World War I dug about five thousand prep. phr.
5. for years can live
years ago
without water can live 3. Living in Mesopotamia; part. phr.
6. in morning Early
in Mesopotamia part. phr.
7. between toad, frog difference
8. with sides polygon into wet clay tablets; part. phr.
9. Instead of paste buy to make impressions inf. phr.
10. for tulips famous 4. of writing; prep. phr.
known as cuneiform; part. phr.
by the Babylonians prep. phr.
5. to learn the history inf. phr.
of the Sumerians;
of the Sumerians prep. phr.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 11
 MODULE 6
THE CLAUSE
Independent and Subordinate Clauses The Adverb Clause
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 6
1. sub. 6. indep. 1. Since I was in the first grade
2. indep. 7. sub. 2. as much as I can
3. sub. 8. indep. 3. while I was reading about Pluto
4. sub. 9. indep. 4. Before astronomers discovered Pluto’s moon
5. indep. 10. indep. in 1978
5. Although Pluto is tiny
EXERCISE 2 6. Because Pluto is small
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 7. because scientists have used the Hubble Space
1. The student who wrote this report received a high mark. Telescope to observe it.
2. Signal to the orchestra when you’re ready. 8. as if some other small planet were nearby
3. The audience cheered as the winners were 9. Unless scientists develop stronger telescopes
announced. 10. When the New Horizons space craft flew near Pluto
4. If you want tickets to the concept, I can buy
them.
Module Review

The Adjective Clause A.

1. sub. 6. sub.
EXERCISE 3 2. indep. 7. sub.
1. whom founded a ballet company 3. sub. 8. indep.
2. who looked familiar 4. sub. 9. sub.
3. that is having the sale on used books 5. indep. 10. sub.
4. which was taken in 1973
5. whose name you have picked B.
6. who looked tired 1. adv.—before they had telephones
7. that I’m using 2. adj.—that they hit with sticks
8. which belongs to my older sister 3. adj.—who lived far away
9. whom we met 4. adj.—that were made from animal skin
10. that looks different 5. adv.—Because the drums were different
shapes and sizes
EXERCISE 4 6. adv.—Although sound was used by some
adj. cl. rel. pron. people
1. that I’ve seen that 7. adj.—that some Chinese, Egyptian, and
2. whose voice you hear whose Native Americans used
3. which is complicated which 8. adv.—if they were sent at night
4. whom you saw in the whom 9. adv.—After electricity was discovered
first act 10. adj.—who work in large companies
5. that you heard that
6. who replaced the singer who C.
7. that tells the plot of this opera that (Answers will vary. Responses should contain at least five
8. which moves up and down which adjective and five adverb clauses.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. who designed the sets who

10. that you recognized that

EXERCISE 5
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
con. nouns
1. The runner who won the race is being interviewed.
2. Aunt Sylvia is a talented woman whom I
admire.
3. Here is the soup, which is my favorite part of
the meal.
4. We studied an animal that is extinct.

Answer Key 12
 MODULE 7
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Simple Sentences 12. families shared but
all hunted
EXERCISE 1
13. group moved yet
s. v. it met
1. mountains; forests provide 14. Hunters developed ; therefore,
2. Andes Mountains separate animals could be captured,
3. point is
killed
4. coastline stretches
15. Scientists have pieced but
5. people speak; belong
questions are
6. Manufacturing; mining have grown; have
become EXERCISE 4
7. Plantations; farms; ranches cover; employ
8. Coffee; bananas are (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
9. South America exports; imports 1. Manuel entered his sketches in an art contest;
10. Silver; copper are the judging is tomorrow.
11. animals; birds live 2. Severe thunderstorms are predicted for this
12. capybara grows; is afternoon; therefore, our soccer game will be
13. snake lives; swims rescheduled.
14. turtles live 3. Bly and Mato paddled hard, but at nightfall
15. tapir is they were still miles from camp.
4. The gardener watered everything in the yard,
EXERCISE 2 for it wasn’t likely to rain until next week.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 5. Surely we made the right choice, or we could
1. My favorite book is The Red Pony. be in trouble.
2. Yesterday Marlene and! ate lunch together
and then went bowling. EXERCISE 5
3. Should Albert write or type his report? type s. v.
4. Dr. Glynn gave an interesting talk on the U.S. 1. comp. Muslims pray
space program. mosques are
5. Frances and Julio are brincing baseballs for 2. simp. courtyard, hall are
our games. 3. comp. hall has
it has
4. simp. call was delivered,
Compound Sentences
comes
EXERCISE 3 5. comp. mosque has
s. v. connector some have
1. people could record for 6. comp. Syria, countries have
they had invented those have
2. people made yet 7. simp. builders imitated, used
people could stay 8. comp. mosques have
3. Ice sheets lowered ; as a result none have
people traveled 9. simp. Flowers, designs are permitted,
4. trend melted so ornament
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

seas began 10. comp. mosques use

5. Hunters built for they combine
group would live
EXERCISE 6
6. campsite would be divided
; 1. Cardinals and blue jays gathered around our
group used
and bird feeder.
others were used
2. Squirrels scurried up a nearby tree and
7. campsites had and
jumped through the air to the bird feeder.
these give
3. The food and water disappeared quickly and
8. tools were made ;
needed daily attention.
others were made
4. My brother and! moved the bird feeder to
9. Farming was developed so
another tree, and the squirrels followed close
people hunted, collected
behind.
10. farmers grew yet
5. We decided to move it away from the trees,
they hunted
so we hung the feeder from a clothesline pole
11. hunters lived and
and greased the pole.
group consisted

Answer Key 13
 Complex Sentences 7. its overall shape has not Although the grand piano
changed was invented more than one
EXERCISE 7
hundred years ago
sub. cl. sub. conj. rel.pron. 8. Oases vary in size which are fertile areas in the
1. who ate the acorns of who
desert
the tree 9. Charlene wants a job this so that she can start saving
2. which can grow to a which
summer money for college
height of one hundred feet 10. Jupiter is the largest planet which is the fifth planet
3. because it played an because
in the solar system from the sun
important role in the
early history of the B.
Connecticut colony 1. cx. 6. simp.
4. who was king of who 2. comp. 7. cx.
Engla nd 3. simp. 8. cx.
5. that Charles II gave the that 4. cx. 9. simp.
colony 5. cx. 10. comp.
6. who was the governor of who
the Dominion of New C.
England (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
7. When he arrived in When 1. Do you prefer peaches or plums?
Connecticut in 1687 2. Carlisle and Rudy washed and waxed their mother’s car.
8. Since the colonists Since
valued their freedom 3. We visited the Wongs, and they showed us around their
9. which is now called the which farm.
Charter Oak 4. Serena wants to get a job after school, but her parents
10. Although historians Although want her to study piano instead.
are not sure of all the 5. The person who has the highest grade-point average will
facts be the class valedictorian.

EXERCISE 8
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. Because the alarm did not go off, I was late for
school.
2. When the cherry trees are in bloom, tourists
descend on the nation’s capital.
3. Though Bessie studied Italian, she could not
understand Mario’s dialect.
4. Rodrigo, who is president of his class, was born in
Ecuador.
5. We went to the football game, which was broadcast
on television.

Module Review
A.
indep. cl. sub. cl.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

1. Jim Thorpe was one of who was a Native

the greatest athletes of American
all time
2. she proofread it Before Isabel gave her
story to the editor
3. the quarterback threw As we watched in the
the ball down the field last few minutes
for a touchdown of the game
4. Robert Moses was when the VerrazanoNarrows
commissioner of Bridge was
New York parks built
5. we headed for the harbor Because heavy winds
whipped up the
water in the bay
6. My brother pointed the while he switched from
remote control at the channel to channel
television set

Answer Key 14
 MODULE 8
AGREEMENT
Agreement of Subject and Verb EXERCISE 5
(Answers will vary. The list should contain comments about
EXERCISE 1 toys, employees, and the toy store. The sentences should be
1. pl. about the comments in the list. The subject and verb of each
2. sing. sentence should be identified properly and show correct
3. sing.
agreement.)
4. pl.
5. sing.
Singular and Plural Indefinite Pronouns
EXERCISE 2
s. v. EXERCISE 6
1. oysters create 1. has 6. guards
2. They join 2. gets 7. Writes
3. trees sprout 3. works 8. gets
4. party has 4. answers 9. is
5. foods contain 5. catches 10. is
6. brother asks
7. they serve EXERCISE 7
8. I like 1. are 9. know
9. you are 2. have 10. were
10. hamster runs 3. are 11. are
11. Eric makes 4. have 12. match
12. game has 5. are 13. attend
13. volunteer promises 6. want 14. belong
14. parents are 7. were 15. Do
15. candles glow 8. have

Intervening Prepositional Phrases All, Any, Most, None, and Some

EXERCISE 3 EXERCISE 8
s. v. prep.phr. 1. offer 6. grow
1. Children want from all over the 2. work 7. seems
neighborhood 3. has 8. Do
2. library contains near the White 4. raise 9. need
House during the 5. is 10. help
lunch period
3. speech was during the lunch EXERCISE 9
period 1. sound 6. (correct)
4. Statue of stands in Paris, like the 2. gets 7. is
Liberty one in New York 3. is 8. want
City 4. (correct) 9. like
5. Loretta eats along with her 5. stay 10. are
two friends
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

6. books need next to the EXERCISE 10

1. was
window
2. are
7. One sticks of the wheels on
3. play
my in-line skates
4. appears
8. Sheila is but not her brother
5. write
9. mountains belong in the distance
10. gentleman looks with the red bow
tie Review Exercise
EXERCISE 4 A.
1. is buried 6. (correct) 1. has 6. extend
2. live 7. live 2. know 7. enjoy
3. lies 8. (correct) 3. produces 8. worries
4. weigh 9. grows 4. is 9. worries
5. (correct) 10. remain 5. vacation 10. is

Answer Key 15
 B. EXERCISE 16
1. have 6. visits (This exercise will be satisfactorily completed if the student
2. are 7. were writes five sentences about different farm or domestic
3. is 8. was animals . Each sentence should have a different subject, and
4. aim 9. exist each should contain the word don’t or the word doesn’t used
5. wants 10. (correct) in correct agreement with the subject. The sentences should
tell what the animals do or don’t eat or how they do or don’t
C.
(Answers will vary. This exercise will be satisfactorily behave.)
completed if the student writes five factual sentences about
the past four presidents of the United States. The subjects Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
and verbs in these sentences should agree.)
EXERCISE 17
ante. pron.
Compound Subjects 1. Kitty; Bruno their
2. Vern; Mr. Park his
EXERCISE 11 3. One its
1. want 6. Do 4. Vern; Kitty their
2. are 7. are 5. Dawn; Sabrena her
3. are 8. are 6. Each his or her
4. take 9. watch 7. Mrs. Park; mother their
5. is 10. live 8. Anyone he or she
9. script its
EXERCISE 12 10. actors their
1. were 6. Has
2. are 7. helps
3. was 8. has Module Review
4. is 9. sell
5. allows 10. mentions A.
1. are 6. is
2. are made 7. (correct)
Collective Nouns and Inverted Sentences 3. has 8. (correct)
4. digs 9. are working
EXERCISE 13 5. were built 10. is being used
1. lives 6. performs
2. stays 7. debate B.
3. has appeared 8. does 1. his or her 6. his
4. are voting 9. lives 2. their 7. their
5. like 10. was 3. his 8. (correct)
4. its 9. his or her
EXERCISE 14 5. he or she; his or her 10. (correct)
s. v.
1. day is C.
2. solstice Is (This exercise will be satisfactorily completed if the student
3. solstices are writes at least two sentences about animals that protect
4. day Was themselves with color matching and shape matching.
5. celebrations are
Subjects and verbs must agree.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

6. key lies
7. brothers come
8. tomatoes Are
9. reasons are
10. excuse is

Amounts, Titles, and Don’t and Doesn’t

EXERCISE 15
1. is 6. equals
2. seems 7. has
3. is 8. seems
4. Is 9. does
5. is 10. receives

Answer Key 16
 MODULE 9
USING VERBS CORRECTLY
Principal Parts 7 Have you ever hurt your legs during a competition?
8. When you rode a horse for the first time, were you
EXERCISE 1
scared?
1. pres. 6. fut. 9. Were people surprised when as a high school student you
2. past 7. fut. threw the javelin so well?
3. past 8. past 10. What advice has your coach given you about training?
4. past 9. pres.
5. pres. 10. fut.
Tense
EXERCISE 2
1. base 6. past part. EXERCISE 7
2. pres. part. 7. past (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
3. past 8. past part. [1] Odessa, Benny, and I were on a hike in the woods,
4. pres. part 9. past and we got lost. [2] We started up a steep hill. [3] “Oh, no!”
5. base 10. base I shouted. [4] From the top of the hill, I saw storm clouds.
[5] A bad storm was ushing toward us. [6] Looking for cover,
we ran down the hill. [7] Then Benny found a small cave in
Regular Verbs
the side of the hill. [8] We climbed in under the big rocks just
EXERCISE 3 as the rain started falling. [9] Rain fell for about an hour.
pres. part. past past part. [10] During that time, we cheered each other up with jokes
1. (is) looking looked (have) looked and waited for the storm to pass.
2. (is) selecting selected (have) selected
3. (is) shopping shopped (have) shopped
4. (is) using used (have) used Sit and Set and Rise and Raise
5. (is) starting started (have) started
EXERCISE 8
1. set
EXERCISE 4
2. sit
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
3. sitting
1. I am hoping that the team will win.
4. Set
2. Bob has enjoyed the trip.
5. sat
3. Yesterday I dropped your library book into the book-
return box. EXERCISE 9
4. He has raised his hand twice to answer the question. 1. raise
5. We are slipping on the icy sidewalks. 2. rise
6. Jim and Kareem have already talked to Sally. 3. raised
7. He asked an interesting question. 4. rose
8. He is answering your letter now. 5. rising
9. This dog followed me home.
10. I am still laughing at your joke.
Lie and Lay
Irregular Verbs EXERCISE 10
EXERCISE 5 1. laid
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. lie
1. written 8. grew 15. sent 3. lying
2. won 9. got 16. saw 4. lay
3. put 10. led 17. said 5. Lay
4. made 11. began 18. drawn
5. knew 12. went 19. built EXERCISE 11
6. chose 13. wrote 20. taken 1. lay 6. lies
7. came 14. given 2. lain 7. laid
3. laid 8. lain
EXERCISE 6 4. lying 9. Lay
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 5. laid 10. laying
1. How many records have you broken?
2. Have you ever felt nervous before a race? EXERCISE 12
3. Can you remember when you first knew that you would
1. lie
be a great athlete?
2. laid
4. In how many swim meets have you swum?
3. (correct)
5. How did you feel when you lost that important race last
4. laid
year?
5. laid
6. How many races have you won?

Answer Key 17
 Module Review C.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
A.
Dear Joan,
1. sitting 6. rose You won’t believe all the wonderful food I have eaten
2. rose 7. raised
since I arrived.
3. set 8. lying
Did you know that Paris is divided by the Seine
4. laid; set 9. sat
5. sitting 10. rose River?
I visited the Eiffel Tower in Paris yesterday. It was
B. beautiful. I have taken the streetcar to the Pompidou Center
1. went 7. (correct) and the Cathedral of Notre Dame. I also walked through
2. went 8. tells or told the Luxembourg Gardens and rested on the benches on the
3. sold 9. his or her grounds there.
4. rose 10. gives or I will try to describe the beauty of the Arc de Triomphe .
(correct) It’s. a very impressive monument that has beautiful lighting
5. led have become at night.
6. has written See you soon,
Latrice
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 18
 MODULE 10
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
Case of Pronouns 3. her 8. us
4. them 9. her
EXERCISE 1 5. her or him 10. him
1. poss. 6. poss.
2. nom. 7. poss.
3. obj. 8. nom. Who and Whom
4. nom. 9. obj.
5. poss. 10. poss. EXERCISE 9
1. Who 6. whom
2. who 7. whom
Nominative Case Pronouns 3. whom 8. whom
EXERCISE 2 4. whom 9. whom
1. I 5. whom 10. Who
2. we
EXERCISE 10
3. he and I
4. They 1. (correct) 4. whom
5. He 2. who 5. (correct)
3. whom
EXERCISE 3
1. she
2. (correct)
Pronoun Appositives and Reflexive Pronouns
3. he and I EXERCISE 11
4. they 1. We
5. (correct) 2. us
3. we
4. we
Objective Case Pronouns 5. us
EXERCISE 4
EXERCISE 12
(Answers will vary . Possible responses are given.)
1. himself
1. me
2. themselves
2. him
3. themselves
3. her
4. himself
4. him
5. himself
5. them

EXERCISE 5
1. me
Module Review
2. us A.
3. them
1. he
4. us
2. themselves
5. her
3. Whom
4. me
EXERCISE 6
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5. me
1. (correct)
2. them
B.
3. me
4. (correct) 1. himself 11. (correct)
5. her 2. (correct) 12. (correct)
3. he 13. me;We
4. him; them 14. (correct)
Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions 5. themselves 15. they
6. her 16. her
EXERCISE 7 7. he 17. (correct)
1. me 6. them 8. (correct) 18. himself
2. them 7. him and me 9. (correct) 19. me
3. me 8. us 10. Who 20. he
4. us 9. me
5. them 10. him C.
(Postcards should show correct use of pronouns. Commend
EXERCISE 8 responses that show evidence of thorough research and
1. us 6. him creativity.)
2. them 7. her
Answer Key 19
 MODULE 11
USING MODIFIERS CORRECTLY
Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs Double Comparisons
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 7
1. sooner/less soon; soonest/least soon (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
2. more/less independent; most/least independent 1. Jon had never been out of the country.
3. wiser/less wise; wisest/least wise 2. Penny will never forget her best friend.
4. more/less lightly; most/least lightly 3. Traffic is heaviest around five o’clock in the afternoon.
5. more/less beautiful; most/least beautiful 4. Ted isn’t going to the meeting either.
6. hungrier/less hungry; hungriest/least hungry 5. The baby was quieter than a mouse.
7. more/less cautiously; most/least cautiously 6. Are you working longer than you used to?
8. more/less hopeful; most/least hopeful 7. I am not doing anything tonight.
9. nicer; nicest 8. Hasn’t James ever seen the ocean?
10. more/less shyly; most/least shyly 8. The baby was quieter than a mouse.
9. Dominique could never be mean to anyone.
10. Of all the members of the basketball team, Antonio is the
Irregular Comparison shortest.
EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 8
1. farther 6. worse (Answers may vary. Possible responses are given.)
2. more 7. farthest 1. The Mbuti use nothing but leaves and branches to build
3. better 8. most a village.
4. better 9. worst 2. A woman starts building a hut by making a dome from
5. most 10. better the younger trees in a clearing.
3. Leaves cover this dome, keeping out the worst rain and
EXERCISE 3 winds.
1. good 4. The Mbuti never live more than two months in one
2. many place.
3. most 5. They move on to make a new village where food sources
4. well are closer.
5. best

EXERCISE 4 Placement of Modifiers

(Answers will vary. Sample answers are given.)
1. The plot of Jurassic World was the most unbelievable of EXERCISE 9
any movie I’ve ever seen. (Some answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
2. The major events couldn’t happen more slowly if the 1. The girl from next door is jogging around the park.
movie were a painting. 2. The boy in blue polka-dot shorts was riding on a bicycle.
3. The characters are the dullest and most unlikeable 3. She gave the gift with the pink wrapping paper to the
creatures to hit the big screen in some time. boy.
4. The dialogue is more mechanical than a robot’s. 4. I heard a report on the radio that a bad storm is coming.
5. The ending was more unrealistic than any ending I’ve 5. The train from San Diego arrived after we had lunch .
ever seen.
EXERCISE 10
1. Elaine put the shirt with green stripes on the baby .
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Special Problems in using Modifiers 2. The monkey in the tree was chattering at the children.
3. The girl with pigtails is making a dress.
EXERCISE 5 4. We learned from Aunt Melanie that a big blizzard was
1. well 6. fresh coming.
2. quickly 7. strong 5. The boy with the red boots was walking the dog
3. good 8. good
4. quiet 9. well
5. good 10. carefully Placement of Participial Phrases

EXERCISE 6 EXERCISE 11
1. Deirdre, whose record is outstanding, has earned a
1. quickly 6. quickly
2. happy 7. slowly scholarship.
3. good 8. well 2. Listening to the words, I suddenly got tears in my eyes.
4. careful 9. closely 3. The dress that you made does not fit me.
5. good 10. sad 4. I heard some of my favorite songs played by
the band.

Answer Key 20
 5. Wearing a raincoat and boots, the man hurried through 4. An orange that had been peeled lay on the
the store. table.
6. Camping at the river, Ms. Cuomo saw two owls . 5. I got a dog that is only six weeks old from the animal
7. Sitting under that shady tree, I’ve written some of my shelter.
best poems .
8. Driving along the freeway, we saw a herd of B.
deer. error correction
9. The Battle of Saratoga, which was fought in 1777, saved 1. most beautifulest most beautiful
the American Revolution. 2. couldn‘t find no could find no
10. At the library, I found a book that was written by Amy 3. more friendlier friendlier
Tan. 4. well good
5. good well
6. can’t scarcely can scarcely
Module Review 7. larger largest
8. smallest smaller
A.
9. Much Many
1. At the party, he told us that he had saved his allowance 10. tiredly tired
for a year to buy the bike.
2. Some scientists think asteroids hurtling through space C.
will someday hit the earth . (Answers will vary. Responses should use modifiers
3. Driving to the mall, we discovered a shortcut. correctly.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 21
 MODULE 12
A GLOSSARY OF USAGE
Accept / As (Like) Module Review
EXERCISE 1 A.
1. accepted 6. already 1. that
2. all right 7. except 2. accepted
3. all ready 8. a lot 3. already
4. aren’t 9. accept 4. shouldn’t
5. excepted 10. a lot 5. who
6. bring
7. to
Between/ Had Ought 8. have
9. a lot
EXERCISE 2 10. whose
1. Mark would have come to the show, but he caught the
flu and doesn’t feel well. B.
2. As I was getting into my costume, the zipper 1. Melissa is a shy person who doesn’t like a lot
broke . of attention.
3. David ought not to lift that piece of stage scenery by 2. During the extremely cold weather, our water
himself . pipes froze, and then they burst.
4. Will you bring the magician’s rabbit over here to us? 3. Will \Vanda be at the sports banquet to accept
5. Mrs. Adriana divided the pizza among the six of us.
her trophy?
6. Sam felt good because he had fewer tests on Tuesday
4. (correct)
than Paula did . 5. They sold fewer tickets to the play than they
7. I wish I could have brought the dog on our trip.
had hoped.
8. I have fewer sponsors than you for the Walk for
6. Those types of watches are no longer being
Hunger.
made.
9. You ought to clean your room before Mom gets
7. Salvador tried to wipe himself off after falling
home.
in the mud.
10. He burst out laughing when I told him the joke I
8. (correct)
had just heard. 9. I can’t believe that you’re moving so far away.
10. Mrs. Olivero should have told us that we
were having an English quiz today.
Hisself / Try And
EXERCISE 3 C.
1. Will you teach me how to cook these kinds of (Answers will vary. A possible response is given.)
authentic Mexican dishes, Mrs. Rodriguez? You should have seen the crew run around as if they were
2. They must have looked at pictures of themselves in crazed chickens when one of the freshwater pipes burst.
the photo album no fewer than ten times. Even though it was a really serious problem, I couldn’t
3. Saburo tried to teach himself some magic tricks help laughing at their actions. I guess it surprised me to see
quite quickly. such smart people falling over themselves trying to fix the
4. Should we try to finish our report by this problem.
Wednesday?
5. Sabrina might have decided to study piano as her
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

mother did.
6. That wolf taught its cubs to hunt for themselves.
7. It’s too bad; your cousin might have won.
8. These sorts of hand-woven rugs are imported quite
often from India.

Well/ Your, You’re

EXERCISE 4
1. who 6. whose
2. you’re 7. that
3. a word that 8. unless
4. your 9. well
5. who 10. Who’s

EXERCISE 5
(Answers will vary. Sentences should show correct use of
glossary entries.)
Answer Key 22
 MODULE 13
CAPITAL LETTERS
The Pronoun I and Proper Nouns 4. Swiss
5. winter; December
EXERCISE 1 6. Rockport Winter Carnival
1. a. 7. White House; Lincoln Memorial
2. a. 8. fall; October
3. b. 9. Orient Express
4. a. 10. Pulitzer Prize
5. b.

EXERCISE 2 Titles
1. Miami, Florida; morning
2. Faucett Airlines; Puerto Rico EXERCISE 7
3. I; United States 1. Donna
4. Lima; Peru 2. The Helen Keller Story; The Beacon
5. taxi; Gold Museum 3. The Cattle Driver; “Ghost Riders in the Sky”
4. Grandfather; “Bridges in the Garden”

Places and People

First Words, Proper Adjectives, School Subjects
EXERCISE 3
1. Tunisia; Africa EXERCISE 8
2. Boston; Atlantic Ocean; Massachusetts 1. English
3. Rosario Ferre; Puerto Rico 2. Chinese
4. Carl Sagan 3. According
5. Times Square; Fifth Avenue; Forty-second 4. The; Reveals; From; An
Street 5. It’s
6. United States; South
7. Key West; Gulf of Mexico
8. Colorado River; Grand Canyon National Park Module Review
9. west; Washington, D.C.; Blue Ridge
Mountains A.
10. Saturn; Jupiter 1. doctor; Contact
2. I; Biology 1; Mrs
3. Bancroft Science Fair; Holder Auditorium
Groups, Organizations, and Religions 4. sister; Hawaiian
5. to; Titanic
EXERCISE 4 6. Aunt; college; Midwest
1. Woodman Middle School 7. Venus; Roman
2. American Automobile Association; Christmas 8. Institute; Forty-seventh Street
3. Chamber of Commerce 9. Red, White, and Blue Company; Labor Day
4. Congregational Church 10. Nikki Giovanni; Tennessee
5. United States Senate
B.
EXERCISE 5 1. Last; Granville T. Woods Middle School;
1. a.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

International Day
2. b.
2. One; Imani Dobbey; Nigerian
3. a.
3. Another; Appalachian Mountains
4. b.
4. My; Ruben; Taj Mahal; Mr. Totsi
5. A; Daily Word; “Students Celebrate the
Objects, Events, Structures, and Awards World”

EXERCISE 6 C.
1. Purple Heart (Answers will vary. Students should capitalize correctly.)
2. Fourth of July
3. Washington Monument

Answer Key 23
 MODULE 14
PUNCTUATION
End Marks and Abbreviations Commas with Compound Sentences
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 4
1. ! 6. ? 1. The contest will not take place until June, but
2. ? 7. ! we already have four entries.
3. . 8. . 2. (correct)
4. . or ! 9. ? 3. They brought no meat or fish, nor did they
5. ? 10. ! miss either one.
4. (correct)
EXERCISE 2 5. Our cabin was simple, but it had three rooms.
1. Ms. E. A. Rodriguez 6. People knew about the tomato, yet they were
2. Parker Toy Co., Inc. afraid to eat it.
3. at 4:30 p.m. 7. Early Arab people used these numbers, and
4. 5 ft. 10 in . tall they taught the numbers to other people.
5. (correct) 8. (correct)
6. weighing 1 lb. 4 oz. 9. Janell drew the pictures, but another artist
7. at 13185 Mill Stone Dr. wrote the words.
8. (correct) 10. We rested for an hour, for we had hiked to the
9. (correct)
top.
10. Sam Dole, Sr.
EXERCISE 5
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
Commas in a Series
1. I had plenty to eat, yet I still wanted fruit
EXERCISE 3 salad for dessert.
1. Yori, Bob, and I enjoyed watching the rodeo 2. My brother practices his violin everyday, so
last Saturday. he is a wonderful musician
2. The actors wore large, colorful masks made of 3. I made dinner for my mother, and my sister
wood. brought her flowers.
3. (correct) 4. Janice plays soccer after school, yet she still
4. (correct) does her homework.
5. Several teachers volunteered to cook, to 5. You could walk in the park, or you could
serve, and to clean up after the dinner. walk on the beach.
6. The bus drove through Arkansas, through 6. Close the windows tightly, for this evening is
Oklahoma, and across Texas. supposed to bring wind and showers.
7. (correct) 7. My class will pick up trash from the
8. Someone extinguished the campfire, covered schoolyard, and we will return bottles for
it with sand, and drenched it with water. recycling.
9. My father used to carry an old, black lunch 8. Kieshia could enter her painting in the art
pail to school. show, or she could enter her photographs.
10. The Japanese gymnast was young, strong, and 9. The summer is going to be hot, so I should go
graceful. to the town pool often.
11. (correct) 10. The restaurant was crowded Friday night, but
12. Hard work, dedication, and funding have the service was still excellent.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

made our project a success.

13. The costumes they wore were long, flowing
dresses. Commas with Sentence Interrupters
14. The clerk needs to know who you are, where
EXERCISE 6
you live, and when you moved here.
15. We need new erasers and more chalk. 1. n.e.; The Empire State Building, which is
16. Have you been to her cool, peaceful garden? featured in that movie, is in New York City.
17. (correct) 2. e.; The book that I liked best is by Sandra
18. (correct) Cisneros.
19. In this river you can fish for bass, trout, or 3. n.e.; The Monadnock Building, in Chicago, is
sunfish. a beautiful example of nineteenth-century
20. Where is a store that sells televisions, stereos, public architecture.
and VCRs? 4. n.e.; Massachusetts, a small state in the
Northeast, had the first public schools in the
American colonies

Answer Key 24
 5. e.; The plant that is in my room doesn’t need 4. stormy,
much water 5. aisle,
6. n.e.; Mark Juneau, who works on North 6. Street, Bradenton, 34206,
Street, is a talented hairdresser 7. 3, 2020,
7. n.e.; The White Mountains, which are located 8. soft,
in New Hampshire, are beautiful. 9. (correct)
8. e.; The bird that you saw by the pond was a 10. day,
snowy egret.
9. e.; The bus driver who drives Bus 48 found EXERCISE 10
my folder. 1. On May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge opened
10. n.e.; Mount Everest, which is located on the 2. You may write to me at 700 West State Street,
border of Tibet and Nepal, is the highest peak in Burley, ID 83318.
3. The Panama Canal first opened for shipping
the world.
11. e.; The highway that I talked about is closed. on August 15, 1914, after years of hard work
12. n.e.; My car, which is ten years old, still runs by many individuals.
well. 4. We stopped in San Francisco, California, on
13. n.e.; Edgar Allan Poe, who wrote many horror our way to Hawaii.
stories, aied at an early age. 5. It wasn’t until November 11, 1918, that World
14. e.; Is it the woman on my right who is governor? War I finally ended.
15. e.; The dress that you sent fits me.
16. n.e.; This matter, which is very private, should
not be discussed.
Review Exercise
17. e.; The athlete who won the race is Gwen A.
Torrence. 1. book, Marta,
18. n.e.; Emma Willard, who founded the first 2. country, cities,
women’s school in the United States, is an 3. Blackwell, admire,
interesting subject for research. 4. intelligent,
19. n.e.; The team’s mascot, which is a bear, attends 5. doctor,
almost every game. 6. Well,
20. e.; Those who lost their tickets must wait outside. 7. Geneva, New York,
8. Emily, sister,
9. varied, challenging,
Other uses of the Comma 10. person, Blackwell,
EXERCISE 7
B.
1. I asked Mr. Hatzidais, my next-door neighbor,
[1] On an ordinary day in 1869, a large stone man was
about his hobby.
discovered in Cardiff, New York. [2] Several workers
2. Did you know that Sophia, my aunt, used to
had been digging a well, and they discovered the statue.
have a beautiful tree in her yard?
[3] William Newell, the owner of the property, erected a tent;
3. The tree, an American elm, died of some
then he began charging admission. [4] People came from all
disease.
4. Mr. Finkle, a biologist, told me about the over to see this statue, which was called the Cardiff Giant.
disease. [5] Doctors, historians, and neighbors wondered where it
5. Did you know that Dutch e1m disease, a had come from. [6] Newell sent the giant on tour to Albany,
fungus, can spread from tree to tree? Syracuse, Boston, and New York. [7] Then the truth came
out. [8] Professor Othniel Marsh, a well-known scholar,
reported that the statue had been carved out of gypsum,
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

EXERCISE 8
1. , Louise, a material that would have dissolved in a few years. [9] If
2. , however, you want to see it, however, you can. [10] It now rests in the
3. , I believe, Farmer’s Museum in Cooperstown, New York.
4. To tell the truth,
5. However, C.
6. Frank, (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
7. In fact, Cave dwellers, of course, drew these pictures.
8. Nevertheless, Sheridan, a Civil War general, met the Comanches.
9. , in my opinion, By then, of course, we will have colonies on Mars,
10. On the other hand, Saturn, and Pluto.
Hurry, Fred! There’s a glider plane ready to take
More uses of the Comma off!
By the end of the day, I felt as if I’d visited my
EXERCISE 9 grandfather’s time, his grandfather’s time, and even before
1. weekend, that.
2. Well,
3. (correct)

Answer Key 25
 Semicolons B.,
EXERCISE 11 My family lived in Japan for two years, and I loved
every minute of it. (or!) My mother works for a computer
1. tusks; a
company, which sent her there. We moved to Japan on
2. carvings; they
3. materials; this March 5, 2007. While we were there, we lived in three
4. away; first different cities: Tokyo, Yokoyhama, and Asaka. Which
5. shape; thus, city do you think was my favorite? Tokyo was it. (or !)
6. ivory; another Tokyo has parks and gardens that are outstanding. There
7. ivory; this were numerous restaurants to try, many sports exhibitions
8. beautiful; however, to see, and museums to visit. Also, Tokyo, you know, has
9. soapstone; this many museums. These include the following choices: a
10. walrus; they clock museum, a haiku museum, a toy museum, and a kite
museum. The toy museum was certainly my favorite, (or ;)
Mom, however, liked the haiku museum best.
Colons
C., page 276
EXERCISE 12
710 Lakeport Drive
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) Stony Point, NY 10980
1. We have shopped at these stores: Jordan’s, August 22, 2020
Mal’s, Bashi’s Shoes, and the Comer Closet. Dr. Emil Valdez
2. I go to bed at 9:00 p.m. 3486 Wichita Place
3. “Dear Mr. Rogers:” is the greeting line of this Haverstraw, NY 10927
business letter.
4. I am going to the park to play, and I’ll be Dear Dr. Valdez:
home at 4:30 p.m. My school, Jefferson Junior High, has a science fair every
5. Jennifer gave invitations to these people: Jan, year. This year it will be held on October 10, 2020, at
Inez, Corazon, and Isoke. theWarren Auditorium. Fair entries include the following four
6. Today I am going to read Genesis 1:4–10. categories: the heavens, our planet, water, and machines. What
7. The baseball game starts at 4:20 p.m. a wonderful crowd we had last year! This year, however, we’d
8. This summer vacation, I am going to do these like to make the fair even better. This desire to improve our
things: read, swim, and jog. fair is why I am writing to you, Dr.Valdez.
9. I go jogging every day at 6:00 p.m. Last month my uncle Lokela heard you speak about diets
10. The activities that I enjoy are the following ones: and young people. He thought you were an excellent speaker,
drawing, hockey, dancing, and stamp collecting and he found the topic fascinating.Well, my class wants you
for its speaker. Would you give the speech at our science
Module Review fair? We would schedule a time between 1:30 and 3:30 p.m.
We could pick you up at the airport, drive you to the fair,
A., page 275 and take you back to the airport. We would also include your
1. ostriches, name on our list of sponsors. I hope you will accept our
2. Arizona, Arkansas, California, offer. Please let us know before September 8, 2020.
3. large, Sincerely,
4. September 12, 1882, Irma Lukas
5. Anaheim, California,
6. ostrich, Frantz, 4,
7. 1911,
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. Feathers, clipped, plucked,

9. feathers, decoration,
10. hats, fans, feather dusters,

Answer Key 26
 MODULE 15
PUNCTUATION
Italics (Underlining) EXERCISE 5
[1] “You have had fish every night this week,”
EXERCISE 1 Mr. Brooks reminded his son. [2] “I thought that you didn’t
1. Barrio Boy
like fish.”
2. I Love Lucy
[3] “I don’t,” replied Felix, “but we’re having a
3. San Francisco Examiner
4. license big social studies test next week.”
5. Snap the Whip [4] “What has that got to do with eating fish?”
6. To Kill a Mockingbird asked his father as he stood at the sink, peeling
7. The Marriage of Figaro potatoes.
8. p; Mississippi [5] “Well,” answered Felix, “my friend Ben said,
9. Raisin in the Sun ‘Fish is brain food.’ [6] If you eat enough fish,
10. Galileo you’ll become smarter.”’
[7] Mr. Brooks turned and faced his son. [8] “Felix, fish
EXERCISE 2 is no better for your brain than any other food. [9] You’ll be
1. The Boston Globe; North Shore Record better off worrying less about your diet and spending more
2. Our Town: Romeo and Juliet time studying.”
3. The Art of Thornton Wilder: Our Town’s [10] “I was afraid of that,” Felix replied gloomily.
4. Ugly Betty
5. Appledore III
Apostrophes
Quotation Marks EXERCISE 6
1. sailor’s 6. moment’s
EXERCISE 3 2. captain’s 7. mast’s or masts’
1. “Lim Sing is looking forward to the Festival of 3. seaman’s 8. ship’s
Lanterns,” said her father. 4. day’s 9. hull’s
2. Chen replied, “I received calendars from 5. galleon’s 10. crew’s
relatives in Hong Kong.”
3. “If you look closely at them,” he explained, “you can EXERCISE 7
see each day’s lunar date written in Chinese.” 1. the carpenters’ tools
4. “Will you help me cook the special roasted seeds 2. the mice’s tails
and dried fruits Mother bought for the New Year’s 3. Fatima’s towel
meal?” asked Lim Sing. 4. the coach’s office
5. “Aunt Wang steamed a whole fish!” exclaimed 5. the children’s toys
Chen. “Now she is cooking my favorite pork dish.”

EXERCISE 4 Other Uses of the Apostrophe

1. “Did you know that the city of Santa Barbara EXERCISE 8
sponsors an Old Spanish Days fiesta in
1. you’re 6. (correct)
August?” asked Mario
2. shouldn’t 7. You’ll
2. “Last night I read the story “The Last Leaf” to my
3. (correct) 8. Let’s
sister,” said Nora. 4. musn’t; they’re 9. Don’t
3. Marion Anderson once sang “America” at the 5. we’ll 10. you’re
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Lincoln Memorial
4. “Who said, ‘An apple a day keeps the doctor EXERCISE 9
away’?” asked Meli. 1. can’t
5. “Our sun is just an ordinary star!” exclaimed 2. there’s
Floyd. “Ifs neither the biggest nor the brightest. 3. What’s
However, it’s the star nearest earth.” 4. I’m
6. Rachel Field wrote a poem called “Snow in the 5. It’s
City.”
7. Mr. Ryder said, “The last chapter of Anne of Avonlea
is ‘AWedding at the Stone House.’” Module Review
8. Read the article called “Saving the Coast” in the
A., page 287
school newspaper.
9. Sarah said, “This will be a busy weekend. We 1. “What does the word symbol that begins
are planting beach grass on the dunes to hold with an s mean?” asked Leroy.
the sand in place. The grass will also help the 2. “Did you know that a, b, c, and d are symbols?”
dunes grow higher.” asked Jesse. “All letters stand for sounds.”
10. ”Didn’t the teacher say ‘Use your calculator’?” 3. “Numbers are symbols, too,” added Cora.
asked Bruce. “When you write 5’s and 7’s and 9’s, you’re
writing symbols.”
Answer Key 27
 4. “Countries also have symbols,” said Jesse. 7. “One clever cartoon of him appeared on the cover
“The United States has lots of symbols. Uncle of The Saturday Evening Post in 1927,” said Cora.
Sam’s one of them.” 8. “He was wearing a pilot’s helmet,” explained
5. “You’ve probably seen him,” added Cora. Jesse, “in honor of Charles Lindbergh’s flight
“He’s a tall, skinny cartoon character in a red white- across the Atlantic in the Spirit of St. Louis.”
and-blue suit.” 9. “Didn’t Uncle Sam say, ‘I Want YOU’?” asked
6. “The first cartoons of Uncle Sam didn’t Leroy. “I think that the government used Uncle
appear until the 1830s,” added Jesse. “But a Sam to get people to join the armed forces.”
book titled The Adventures of Uncle Sam had 10. ‘Tm feeling patriotic!” exclaimed Jesse. “Let’s
appeared in ‘16.” sing ‘Yankee Doodle’!”
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 28
 MODULE 16
SPELLING
The Dictionary Suffixes
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 7
1. se-ri-ous 1. dizziness 6. keyed
2. armadillos 2. grinning 7. multiplying
3. a measure of capacity for grain, fruits, and 3. skidded 8. cheered
other things equal to eight quarts; to strike at 4. fresher 9. lazier
and pick up with the beak; a stroke made with 5. rustiest 10. stayed
the beak
4. awoke or awaked EXERCISE 8
5. when it refers to the Roman god of love 1. rising 6. cried
2. dripped 7. beginning
EXERCISE 2 3. unusually 8. Worried
1. enrol 4. skidded 9. learned
2. catalogue 5. racing 10. paid
3. hurray
4. whizz
5. judgement Plurals of Nouns I
EXERCISE 9
Spelling Rules 1. dishes 14. axes
2. pillows 15. dances
EXERCISE 3 3. reflexes 16. ideas
1. shield 6. piece 4. Perezes 17. chimneys
2. freight 7. review 5. ranches 18. harnesses
3. pier 8. weight 6. wishes 19. Joneses
4. sleigh 9. receive 7. fields 20. dashes
5. yield 10. friend 8. monkeys 21. candles
9. guesses 22. kisses
EXERCISE 4 10. closets 23. waltzes
1. exceeded 6. either 11. benches 24. rockets
2. brief 7. Shielding 12. flashes 25. stitches
3. their 8. concede 13. Martinezes
4. leisurely 9. friend
5. believed 10. piece EXERCISE 10
1. pen pals 11. countries
2. libraries 12. Brodskys
Prefixes and Suffixes 3. handkerchiefs 13. journeys
4. mysteries 14. melodies
EXERCISE 5
5. wives 15. goal posts
1. newness 11. misspell 6. coats-of-arms 16. halves
2. really 12. imperfect 7. victories 17. boys
3. unclear 13. heaviness 8. scarves or scarfs 18. Sundays
4. overspend 14. disable 9. staffs 19. galaxies
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5. finally 15. informal 10. subways 20. elves

6. loudness 16. joyfully
7. overripe 17. steadily
8. playfulness 18. incomplete Plurals of Nouns II
9. friendliness 19. lastly
10. irregular 20. shyness EXERCISE 11
1. igloos 6. deer
EXERCISE 6 2. zeros or zeroes 7. mottoes or
1. noisily 11. amazing mottos
2. believing 12. hastily 3. sombreros 8. trios
3. hopeful 13. measurement 4. oxen 9. teeth
4. strangest 14. courageous 5. feet 10. patios
5. grazing 15. driver
6. pavement 16. angrily EXERCISE 12
7. politeness 17. braver 1. children 6. heroes
8. wasteful 18. littlest 2. radios 7. (correct)
9. adorable 19. changeable 3. pianos 8. echoes
10. busily 20. careful 4. cellos; banjos 9. holidays
5. piccolos 10. sopranos
Answer Key 29
 Module Review 4. bodies
5. tiny; called
A. 6. their; noticeable
1. preceded 6. highways 7. octopuses or octopi
2. larger 7. amazing 8. animals; inches
3. height 8. children 9. boneless; easily
4. easily 9. sitting 10. enemies; hastily; proceed
5. stitches 10. leaves
C.
B. (Answers will vary. Students’ responses should show an
1. mysterious; beautiful; reefs understanding of spelling rules.)
2. lemons; potatoes
3. Providing; themselves
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 30