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Salt Analysis Procedure

The document outlines a salt analysis procedure consisting of preliminary tests, group analysis, and confirmatory tests for cations. It details the observations and inferences for various ions such as chloride, sulfate, carbonate, oxalate, nitrate, and specific cations like lead, iron, zinc, calcium, barium, and ammonium. Each test is designed to confirm the presence or absence of specific ions in the salt sample.

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0 views3 pages

Salt Analysis Procedure

The document outlines a salt analysis procedure consisting of preliminary tests, group analysis, and confirmatory tests for cations. It details the observations and inferences for various ions such as chloride, sulfate, carbonate, oxalate, nitrate, and specific cations like lead, iron, zinc, calcium, barium, and ammonium. Each test is designed to confirm the presence or absence of specific ions in the salt sample.

Uploaded by

ponram.ramesh.78
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SALT ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST
1 PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Absence of Cu, Ni, Fe,


Colour of the salt is noted colourless
Mn etc.

2 ODOUR

May be the presence of


salt is rubbed between fingers no characteristic odour
sulphate, oxalate ions.

3 Test for chloride ion

To the original solution add


White precipitate is Presence of Chloride is
dil.HNO3, heat and then add
obtained confirmed
AgNO3 solution.

4 Test for Sulphate ion

To the original solution add dil.


White precipitate is Presence of Sulphate is
HCl, heat and then add BaCl2
obtained confirmed
solution.

5 Test for Carbonate ion

To the original solution add dil. Brisk effervescence turning Presence of Carbonate is
HCl and then heat lime water milky confirmed

6 Test for Oxalate ion

To the original solution add dil.


White precipitate is Presence of Oxalate is
Acetic acid, boil off CO2, cool
obtained confirmed
and then add CaCl2 solution

7 Test for Nitrate ion


To 1mL of original solution add 2
mL of con. H2SO4 slowly by
cooling the test tube under tap Presence of Nitrate is
Brown ring is obtained
water. And then add freshly confirmed
prepared ferrous sulphate solution
through the sides of the test tube

GROUP ANALYSIS

Few drops of sodium hydroxide is Colourless gas with


1 Presence of zero group.
added to the original solution. pungent smell is evolved.

To the original solution dil. HCl is White precipitate is


2 Absence of I group.
added. obtained

To the orignal solution dil. HCl is No characteristic change is


3 Absence of II group.
added and H2S gas is passed observed.

To the orignal solution add NH4Cl


and add con. HNO3 and then add No characteristic change is
4 Absence of III group
NH4OH solution until ammonia observed.
smell is observed.

To the original soultion NH4OH


5 and NH4Cl solution are added and white precipitate is obtained Absence of IV group
H2S gas is passed.

To the original solution NH4OH,


White precipitate is
6 NH4Cl, and (NH4)2 CO3 Absence of V group.
obtained
solutions are added

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR


CATION

1 LEAD
To the original solution add KI Yellow precipitate is Presence of Pb2+ ion is
solution obtained confirmed

2 IRON
Dissolve the brown precipitate in
Prussian blue colour or Presence of Fe2+ ion is
dil. HCl and then add potassium
precipitate is confirmed confirmed
ferrocyanide solution

3 ZINC

Dissolve white precipitae obtained


in group test with dil. HCl and Bluish white precipitate is Presence of Zn2+ ion is
then add Potassium ferrocyanide confirmed confirmed
solution.

4 CALCIUM

White precipitate is
To the original solution NH4OH,
obtained on dissolving it in Presence of Ca2+ ion is
NH4Cl, and (NH4)2 CO3
hot CH3COOH and adding confirmed.
solutions are added
ammonium oxalate.

Flame test: flame test is


Brick Red flame Presence of Ca2+ ion
performed with HCl paste of salt
5 BARIUM

To the precipitate obtained from


Yellow precipitate is Presence of Ba2+ ion is
the group test, add K2Cr2O7
obtained confirmed
solution

Flame test: Flame test is


Apple green flame Presence of Ba2+ ion
performed with HCl paste of salt
6 AMMONIUM

To the original solution add NaOH


Brown precipitate is Presence of NH4+ ion is
and heat. Pass the ammonia gas
obtained. confirmed
into Nessler's reagent

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