PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD

(PCB)
 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB ):
A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a board used to mechanically support and electrically connect
electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks, or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated
onto a non-conductive substrate.

 TYPES OF PCB Layers:

1.Single-Layer PCB – One layer of conductive material, used in simple devices.
2.Double-Layer PCB – Conductive layers on both sides, allowing more complex circuits.
3.Multi-Layer PCB – More than two layers for high-density, advanced applications.
 TYPES OF PCB MATERIALS
FR SERIES PCB MATERIALS & THEIR APPLICATIONS
 FR Full Form is Flame-Retardant

 Key Features of Flame-Retardant Materials:

1. Fire Resistance – Prevents or delays burning
2. Self-Extinguishing – Stops burning once the flame source is removed
3. Heat Resistance – Withstands high temperatures without melting
4. Safety: Prevents electrical fires in devices
5. Durability: Ensures longer lifespan in high-heat environments

 Type of Flame Retardant-FR:

1. FR-1 (Flame Retardant-1)
2. FR-2 (Flame Retardant-2)
3. FR-3 (Flame Retardant-3)
4. FR-4 (Flame Retardant-4)
5. FR-5 (Flame Retardant-5)
6. FR-6 (Flame Retardant-6)
 FR BOARD COMPARISON TABLE

Material Base Material Layers Properties Applications

FR-1 Paper +
Low-Cost Materials Phenolic Single Basic electronics
1.Low cost
FR-2 Paper + 2.Low mechanical strength Budget-friendly PCB
Low-Cost Materials Epoxy/Phenolic Single 3. Higher heat resistance designs

FR-3 Improved 1.Slightly better insulation than FR-2

Single-Layer Paper + Epoxy Single 2. Moderate heat resistance Small consumer electr
General purpose-Com
1.High mechanical strength smartphones,
FR-4 2.Good electrical insulation industrial electronics
Most Common PCB Fiberglass + 3.Widely used in all industries Automotive and aeros
Material Epoxy Multi-layer 4.Higher heat resistance circuits
1.Very Higher heat resistance than
FR-4 1.Military and aerospa
FR-5 Advanced 2.Improved mechanical strength electronics
 OTHER TYPES OF PCB MATERIALS

• & (Composite Epoxy Material):

Material Base Material Layers Properties Applications
CEM-1-Composite
Epoxy Material Low cost,
low-cost and better
CEM-3-Composite Paper, fiberglass, and than CEM-1, close to LED lighting,
Epoxy Material epoxy combinations FR-4 household appliances
High thermal LED lighting, power
MCPCB-Metal Core Aluminum and copper conductivity, converters, automotive
PCB core Better heat dissipation applications
Rogers Material- RF & microwave
High-Frequency Ceramic-filled PTFE Stable at high applications, 5G
Laminates PCB (Teflon) frequencies communication
 PCB MANUFACTURING PROCESS
1.Design & Layout – Using software like KiCad, Altium, Eagle , Proteus, EasyPC to create the PCB
design.
2.Printing the PCB Design – The layout is printed onto a film for further processing.
3.Substrate Preparation – The base material (e.g., FR4) is cut and cleaned.
4.Copper Lamination – Thin copper layers are laminated onto the substrate.
5.Photoresist Application & UV Exposure – A light-sensitive film is applied, then exposed to UV
light through a mask.
6.Etching – Unwanted copper is removed, leaving behind the desired circuit traces.
7.Drilling – Holes are drilled for through-hole components and vias.
8.Plating & Deposition – Copper is electroplated into drilled holes to create electrical connections.
9.Solder Mask Application – A protective layer is applied to insulate copper traces.
10.Silkscreen Printing – Labels, component markings, and logos are added.
11.Surface Finish – Coating is applied to prevent oxidation (e.g., HASL, ENIG, OSP).
12.Testing – Electrical and functional tests are performed.
13.Cutting & Final Inspection – PCBs are cut into shape and inspected for quality.
SL.NO Company Name City
1 Genus Electrotech Ltd Kutch
2 Ascent Circuits Pvt. Ltd Hosur
3 Shogini Technoarts Pvt. Ltd Pune
4 Epitome Components Ltd Ahmednag
5 CIPSA-TEC India Pvt Ltd Tumkur
6 Meena Circuits Pvt Ltd Vadodara
7 Fine Line Circuits Ltd. Mumbai
8 Akasaka Electronics Limited Mumbai
9 Circuit Systems India Ltd / PCB Power Gandhinag
10 SB Electronics Gandhinag
11 Micro Pack Bangalore
12 India Circuits Ltd / Garg Electronics Panchkula
13 Sulakshana Circuits Ltd Hyderabad
14 Sonic Technology (India), Inc Ahmedaba
15 Hi-Q Electronics Pvt. Ltd Bangalore
16 PC Process Pvt Ltd Bangalore
17 NSP Electronics Bangalore
18 BCC FUBA INDIA LIMITED Solar
19 BLG Electronics Gandhinag
20 Lion Circuits Bangalore