Lesson 1 Planning and Management of the Teaching and Learning Process

This lesson will guide you in understanding developmentally appropriate learning principles and
how they can be used in designing effective instruction for various types of students. The objectives of this
lesson are the following:

1. analyze developmentally appropriate learning principles;

2. observe how developmentally appropriate learning principles can be applied in
teaching; and
3. reflect on the positive benefits of applying developmentally appropriate learning
principles in teaching and learning.

Education Theory

Using developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies is one of the instructional
demands for the implementation of the K to 12 curriculums as stated in Republic Act 10533, otherwise
known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2012. Developmentally appropriate learning principles and
strategies are based on the philosophy of learner-centered education that focuses on responding to the
nature, needs, and interests of the learners.

In the first model of curriculum development, Ralph Tyler (1949) emphasizes that understanding the
learners is one of the important sources of curriculum. Since learning is designed for the learners, it is
imperative for teachers to examine their needs, interests, learning styles, thinking styles, abilities,
exceptionalities, cultural background, socio-economic status, and other factors. Copple and Bredekamp
(2006) identify two things that teachers need to do to successfully engage in developmentally appropriate
practice in their classes:(1) meet learners where they are, as individuals and as a group; and (2) help
learners attain challenging and achievable goals that contribute to their ongoing development and learning

For Filipino children, the following principles of developmentally appropriate learning may be
considered by the teacher when planning and implementing instruction:

 each learner has different learning styles, thinking preferences, abilities, strengths, and
weaknesses;
 experiences have profound influence in learning;
 learning should address all areas of development;
 learning must be holistic;
 learning happens when the learner feels emotionally and physically secured and mentally
engaged;
 the cultural background and the family and social values of the learner influence learning ;
and
 effective learning and motivation are important in promoting effective learning.

Observation

A. Check whether the ff. teaching and learning tools are present in the classroom that you have observed.

Learning Tools Present None

✔️
1. Lesson Plan

75 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 ✔️
2. Kto12 Curriculum Guide

✔️
3. Teachers Manual or
textbook

✔️
4. Reference Materials

✔️
5. Instructional Materials

Other teaching tools present:

B. Ask the cooperating teacher to show his or her lesson plan to you. Analyze the lesson plan by checking
the appropriate box.

Subject English
Grade Level Grade 7
Topic Voice of Verb

Standards Yes No

✔️
1. The objectives are measurable and developmentally appropriate for the
grade level of the students.

✔️
2. The content is appropriate for the grade level of the students.

✔️
3. The instructional materials needed for the lesson are identified.

✔️
4. The sequence of instruction (instructional procedure) is easy to follow and
logical.

✔️
5. The sequence of instruction follows an appropriate instructional design or
learning theory.

✔️
6. Creative learning experiences are used in the lesson.

✔️
7. Differentiated learning is used in the selection of learning activities.

✔️
8. Assessment of learning is included in the instructional procedure.

Other comments and observations:

76 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

A. Check (/ ) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class. You may write further remarks in
the last column.

Developmentally Appropriate Observed Not Observed Remarks

Teaching Practices

✔️
1. Uses different teaching The teacher should applied varied
strategies. teaching strategies to catch the
learning attention of the students.

✔️
2. Promotes positive The teacher foster a positive
classroom environment. learning culture, learners are more
likely to acquire higher motivation
that leads to wonderful learning
outcomes.

✔️
3. Respects the learning The teacher must be open minded
styles and abilities of the and accept ideas and opinion of
learners. every students.

✔️
4. Differentiates learning The teacher provides different
activities activities to students to measure if
they really understand the
discussion.

✔️
5. Promotes active learning During her discussion, the teacher
is quite active, which encourages
her students to participate in the
class.

✔️
6. Uses different The teacher is quite inventive
instructional materials when it comes to her teaching
tools.

✔️
7. Uses effective motivation Before the teacher begins her
strategy day's lesson. She uses an
effective method to grab the
learners' attention.

✔️
8. Presents the objective of The teacher ensures that the
the lessons effectively students understand the lesson's
learning objectives.

✔️
9. Recalls prerequisite In presenting the lesson, the
knowledge and teacher reflects the students'
experiences of the experiences.
learners before
proceeding to the lesson

✔️
10. Presents lesson in The teacher gives a clear
meaningful way that is presentation of her lecture to the
easy to understand students.

✔️
11. Provides clear examples The teacher uses concrete
to explain concepts examples to help the students
comprehend the topic.

77 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 ✔️
12. Provides opportunity for Students are given the opportunity
students to to express themselves in class by
practice/apply what they the teacher.
learned

✔️
13. Processes questions The teacher is able to answer
and difficulties of students' inquiries about the
students lesson's issues.

✔️
14. Uses learning strategies The teacher ensures that the
that develops creativity learning tools he/she provides to
and critical thinking her students will aid in the
development of their creativity and
critical thinking skills.

✔️
15. Provides helpful To encourage students to pay
feedback to help attention in class. The teacher
students understand the always expresses his or her
lesson gratitude for the students'
responses.

✔️
16. Encourages students to The teacher encourages his/her
do their best in students to strive for excellence in
accomplishing each their studies.
learning task

✔️
17. Promotes positive The teacher not only assists the
learning behavior and students in learning, but it also
values in the lesson reinforces in them positive habits
and values that they can use on a
daily basis.

✔️
18. Observes The teacher has a kind approach
professionalism in toward her students. He treats
handling students’ his/her students with great
behavior kindness.

✔️
19. Shows enthusiasm and The teacher is really engaged in
interest in every aspect her lecture delivery. This
of teaching captivates the students' interest in
the class.

✔️
20. Uses appropriate By presenting a variety of
assessment tools to activities, the teacher uses
measure learning suitable assessment techniques to
outcomes assess the students' learning
results.

Other comments and observations:

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are observed in class?
The teacher, based on what I observed, She utilized an effective classroom learning
approach technique. The teacher prepares an active learning environment in which students are

78 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 free to interact inside the classroom. The teacher also ensures that the learners' needs and
interests are met effectively.
2. What are the things that need to be improved by the teacher?
I suppose the teacher's instructional approaches on how to cater to the students'
requirements, as well as his or her performance inside the classroom, should be enhanced in order
for him or her to be an effective teacher to her students.
3. How do the developmentally appropriate teaching practices improve the students' learning ability?
Students' learning abilities will develop by allowing them to share and participate in
activities that will strengthen their abilities, as well as by turning them into challenging and
attainable goals that will contribute to their continued development and learning.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Each learner has a unique learning style, way of thinking, abilities, and weaknesses. We
should not compare them to other students because they each have their own unique abilities for
learning.

2. I believe that
It is the teacher's responsibility to determine the students' needs, wants, and interests. One
of the most essential sources of curriculum is understanding the learners and give them an
assessment that they can truly understand.

3. I feel that
In order to promote successful learning, effective learning and motivation are essential. If
our students do not learn from us, we cannot claim to be an effective teacher.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Make it sure to plan my class lesson, especially the teaching and learning process, to
ensure that it is effective for my students.

79 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

Lesson 2 Aligning Learning Outcomes with Learning Competencies

This lesson will guide you in understanding how important it is to ensure perfect alignment between
learning competencies and learning outcomes. The objectives of this lesson are the following:

1. differentiate learning competencies from learning outcomes;

2. observe how teachers align learning outcomes with learning competencies; and
3. analyze how learning outcomes can be aligned with learning competencies.

Education Theory

The K to 12 basic education curriculum is a standards-based curriculum. This means that it

includes content standards, performance standards, and learning competencies. The DepEd defines this
set of curriculum standards as:

1. Content standards - identify and set the essential knowledge and understanding that students
should learn.
2. Performance standards-describe the abilities and skills that students are expected to demonstrate
in relation to the content standards and integration of 21 st century skills.
3. Learning competencies -refer to the knowledge, understanding, skills, and attitudes that the
learners need to demonstrate in every lesson.

Curriculum alignment is important to ensure an efficient and effective implementation of the curriculum.
Alignment is done at two levels:

1. At the macro level, curriculum alignment ensures that the curriculum standards are relevant and
responsive to the needs of the students, demand sand needs of the society, and the nature of the
discipline.
2. At the micro level, curriculum alignment ensures that the learning outcomes are aligned with
learning competencies prescribed in the curriculum. Learning competencies are the basis of the
teachers in developing learning outcomes, selecting topics and strategies, and designing
assessment tools.

Learning outcomes are specific knowledge, skills, and values that each student needs to master or
demonstrate as a result of learning. Learning outcomes are traditionally known as learning objectives or
instructional objectives.

Observation

A. Answer the following questions:

1. Does the school have a copy of the whole K to 12 curriculum guides?

80 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 Yes, both public and private schools have a copy of the entire K to 12 curriculum guides
since it is mandatory to the Department of Education and it serves as the foundation for what
students need to learn.

2. Is the curriculum guide available to all teachers?

Yes, the teachers are have the curriculum guide and they are designated to teach the
learners under by the K12. Teachers are responsible for fostering students' ability to learn
independently, and for teaching them the information and skills necessary to succeed in the future.

3. Are the teachers using the K to 12 curriculum guides in planning their lessons?
Yes, the teacher is required to follow the K to 12 curriculum guides in planning their lesson
in order to them reach the learners goals and objectives.
4. Are the teachers aware of the differences between content standards, performance standards, and
learning competencies?
Yes, it is part on the teachers’ seminar/orientation before they will prepare their learning
style. Teachers understand the variations between content standards, performance standards, and
learning competencies because they will utilize this information to determine which strategies will
best suit the students' learning and needs.

B. From the lesson plans of five cooperating teachers, provide five examples of learning outcomes based
on each of the three learning domains.

1. Define coordinating conjunctions.

Knowledge 2. Identify sentences according to their uses.
3. Differentiate active and passive voice;
4. Define morphology and morphemes
5. Explain the difference between figurative and literal
language
1. Connect words, phrases, and clauses using coordinating
Skills conjunctions.
2. Construct declarative, interrogative, imperative, and
exclamatory sentences.
3. Rewrite the sentence changing the voice from active to
passive voice.
4. Formulate types of morphemes
5. Classify examples of figurative language from poetry and
prose

1. Promote harmonious relationship through good

Values communication and cooperation.
2. Show teamwork and cooperation through participating in a
group activity.
3. Appreciate the lesson by showing active participation of the
students towards the lesson.
4. Demonstrate understanding of morphemes in everyday
communication.

81 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 5. Value the importance of our own culture by preserving our
tradition.

C. Check if the learning outcomes used by the cooperating teachers in their lesson plans are aligned with
the appropriate learning competency from the Kto12 curriculum guide. Write down some of the learning
outcomes and learning competencies then check the appropriate box that corresponds to your findings.

Learning Outcomes Learning (Based on Aligned Not Aligned

Competency (K to 12)
Lesson 1: Coordinating
Conjunctions Define and Connect
1. Define coordinating Coordinating Conjunctions using
conjunctions. words, phrases and clauses.
2. Connect words, phrases,
and clauses using
coordinating
conjunctions. ✔️
3. Promote harmonious
relationship through
good communication
and cooperation.

Lesson 2: Types of Sentences

According to Use Construct declarative,
1. Identify sentences interrogative, imperative and
according to their uses. exclamatory sentences
2. Construct declarative, according their uses.

✔️
interrogative, imperative,
and exclamatory
sentences.
3. Show teamwork and
cooperation through
participating in a group
activity.

Lesson 3: Active and Passive

Voice Rewrite the sentence changing
1. Differentiate active and the voice from active to passive.
passive voice;

✔️
2. Rewrite the sentence
changing the voice from

82 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 active to passive voice.
3. Appreciate the lesson by
showing active
participation of the
students towards the
lesson.

Lesson 4: Morphology
1. Define morphology and Construct sentences applying
morphemes the kinds of sentences.
2. Formulate types of
morphemes

✔️
3. Value the importance of
our own culture by
preserving our tradition.

Lesson 5: Figurative Language

1. Explain the difference Explain and Classify the
between figurative and difference between figurative and
literal language literal language.
2. Classify examples of

✔️
figurative language from
poetry and prose
3. Show teamwork and
cooperation through
participating in a group
activity.

D. Check the alignment of the learning outcomes with the teaching and learning strategies used by the
corresponding teachers in their lesson plans. Write down the learning outcomes and teaching strategies
and then check the box that corresponds to your findings.

Learning Outcomes Teaching Strategies Aligned Not Aligned

Lesson 1: Coordinating Collaboration
Conjunction Differentiation

✔️
Brainstorming
Summative Assessment
Cooperative Learning

83 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 Lesson 2: Types of Sentences Cooperative Learning
According to Use Collaboration

✔️
Brainstorming
Summative Assessment
Differentiation

Lesson 3: Active and Passive Summative Assessment

Voice Collaboration

✔️
Cooperative Learning
Differentiation
Brainstorming

Lesson 4: Morphology Differentiation

Summative Assessment

✔️
Cooperative Learning
Collaboration
Brainstorming

Lesson 5: Figurative Language Cooperative Learning

Collaboration

✔️
Summative Assessment
Differentiation
Brainstorming.

E. Check the alignment of the learning outcomes with the assessment tools used by the cooperating
teachers in their lesson plans. Write down the learning outcomes and assessment tools, then check the box
that corresponds to your findings.

Learning Outcomes Assessment Tools Aligned Not Aligned

Lesson 1: Coordinating Formative Assessment

✔️
Conjunctions Summative Assessment

Lesson 2: Types of Sentences Formative Assessment

✔️
According to Use Summative Assessment

Lesson 3: Active and Passive Evaluation of Instruction

✔️
Voice Performance-based Assessments
Formative Assessment

Lesson 4: Morphology Performance-based Assessment

✔️
Formative Assessment
Evaluation of Instruction

84 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 Lesson 5: Figurative Language Evaluation of Instruction

✔️
Formative Assessment
Summative Assessment

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. Are the teachers aware of the function of the K to 12 curriculum guides? Explain your answer.
Yes, teachers know the purpose of the K-12 curriculum guides. Without this, it is extremely
difficult for teachers to write and create lesson plans. Curriculum guidelines assist teachers in
developing a learning target for their pupils to achieve.

2. Are the teachers using the curriculum guide in planning their lesson? Explain your answer.
Yes, teachers utilize the curriculum guide to plan their lessons because it is one of their
most essential tools. Curriculum is already a part of their teaching career. They won't be able to
teach their students effectively if they don't have this.

3. What types of learning outcomes are emphasized in every lesson (knowledge, skills, and values)?
The three domains of learning outcomes that are emphasized in every class are cognitive,
affective, and psychomotor. These three components are so crucial that students must meet them
in every lesson in order to learn. They can not only obtain knowledge and facts, but they can also
learn values from the lesson being discussed.

4. Are the learning outcomes of the teachers aligned with the learning competency?
Yes, the teachers' learning objectives were matched with the learning competency since it
was their starting point for focusing on knowledge, skills, and values throughout the class.

5. Are the learning strategies of the teachers aligned with the learning outcomes?
Yes, teachers' learning strategies are matched with the learning outcomes because this
allows them to assess whether or not the students understand the lessons. Students' strategies
can help teachers decide if their teaching is effective.

6. Are the assessment tools of the teachers aligned with the learning outcomes?
Yes, the teacher's assessment tools are aligned with the learning outcomes because
assessment methods allow students to demonstrate what they've learned.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
To ensure that it is relevant to students' needs and matched with learning capabilities
outlined in the curriculum, teachers should employ these two levels of alignment, which are the
macro and micro skills.

2. I believe that

85 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 Because it is an assessment that the students learn from us, learning outcomes, also
known as learning objectives or instructional objectives, should be effective and efficient for
students learning.

3. I feel that
Without this curriculum, students will not be able to learn. To provide students appropriate
learning opportunities, the instructor and curriculum must be connected.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Abide outlined in the curriculum guide. That all of my students' needs and desires are
gathered and fulfilled. I'll make sure that the new curriculum is well-aligned and efficient.

Lesson 3 Relevance and Responsiveness of Learning Programs

Learning programs are essential in the implementation of the curriculum at the school and
classroom levels. This lesson will guide you in understanding how to plan and implement relevant and
responsive learning programs for the students. The objectives of this lesson are the following:

1. identify different learning programs available to support the curriculum;

2. observe how teachers plan and implement these learning programs; and
3. observe the effect of the different learning programs to the students.

Education Theory

Learning programs are designed to help the students reach the desired curriculum goals and
objectives. Each learning program is planned and implemented within the framework of learner-centered
philosophy in education. Learner-centered education is one of the promising products of the progressive
movement in education (Ornstein and Hunkins 1993). It refers to a kind of education that considers the
knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, interests, and beliefs that learners bring into the classroom (Curtis and
Carter 1996, Ornstein and Hunkins 1993). It also pays attention to the needs, concerns, expectations, and
the natural environment of the learners(Dewey 2001, Gandini 1997).

Since its inception in 2012, the K to 12 basic education curriculum myriad of curricular and
instructional programs were introduced to the whole education system. These learning programsaim
tosupport the implementation of the curriculum toward the development of a functionally literate and
holistically developed Filipinos. The following are learning programs planned and implemented by the
DepEd:

 Special Program for the Arts and Sports

 Special Program for Foreign Language
 Special Science Education Project

86 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

  Curriculum for the Gifted
 Transition Curriculum for Learners with Special Education Needs
 Special Education Program
 Indigenous Peoples' Education Inclusion Program
 Homeroom Guidance Program

Private schools are encouraged to implement these learning programs of DepEd. Inmany cases, private
schools also have various programs that reflect the philosophy, mission, and goals of the school. Some
examples are:

 Service learning
 Project-based learning
 Literacy Program
 Robotics and ICT Programs
 Performing Arts Programs

Observation

A. Before starting your observation, it is important to read the annual plan (if private) or school improvement
plan (if public) of the school where you are assigned. Write a request letter to the principal noted by your
student teaching supervisor.

B. Based on the annual plan or the school improvement plan, what learning programs are provided for the
students?

Learning Programs Months Implemented

1. Children’s Active Attendance Regulatory Year Round
with less dropout
2. Iwas Liban Project Year Round
3. School’s Taas Enrollment Project (STEP) July-September 2021
4. Grabing Sunog Kilay Project (GSK) Year Round
5. Kab-ot Award Project Year Round
6. Reading and Comprehension Year Round
Enhancement Program (RACE)
7. Basic Remedy on Hygiene Enhancement Year Round
+ Dietary Issues
8. Delay No More Project Year Round
9. Disaster Information for Learners Year Round
Awareness
10. Bullying Ma Wala (BMW) Year Round
11. Hipos Project Year Round
12. Sus, Bai Mu-level up Ta (SBM Ta) Year Round

C. Request an interview with the teachers and the principal. Ask the following questions:

NAME: LYNDE JOY L. PARADERO

AGE: 33

87 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

ADDRESS: PUROK 1, BEL-IS, KAPATAGAN, LANAO DEL NORTE
POSITION: ASSISTANT PRINCIPAL
SCHOOL ADDRESS: MALINAS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
1. How does the school plan for each learning program?
According to Mrs. Lynde Joy Paradero the assistant principal of the school, each learning
program's school plan is based on the previous year's monitoring and evaluation outcomes to
determine which areas need to be improved or maintained.

2. Who are involved in planning?

Based on our interviewed, all teachers in the school, led by the school coordinator, as well
as barangay officials, SPG officers, and FPTA officers, were involved in the ESIP's program and
project planning.

3. Are the stakeholders involved in planning the different learning programs? If yes, how are they
involved?
Yes, internal and external stakeholders were included in the planning of the ESIP's various
programs as partners in implementation, with proper monitoring of each program to assure that the
learners' learning goals/objectives were met.

4. How does each learning program contribute to the development of the curriculum goals?
Each learning program, she claims, facilitates the achievement of the curriculum's
objectives. Since then, the programs in place have emphasized the development of helpful citizens
and holistic individuals, which is the shared goal of K–12 curriculums.
5. How does the school monitor and evaluate the implementation of each learning program?
According to her, the school evaluates and monitors the implementation of each program
quarterly/yearly to determine the program's accomplishments/outputs, issues/problems that the
school has encountered or reasons for underperformance, and recommendations for steps to be
taken to improve the program's learning outcomes/results.

I didn’t include or answer this one, since we interview a teacher coming from public school.

D. If the school is private, gather the following data and information:

1. What type of curriculum is implemented?

2. What are the special features of the school's curriculum?
3. What learning programs are implemented to support the curriculum?
4. How does the learning programs support the philosophy of the school?

E. Identify the extra- and co-curricular programs being implemented in the school.

We don't have any extra-curricular or co-curricular programs in place at the moment because of the
pandemic.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. How do the different learning programs support the development of the students?

88 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 The various learning systems help learners' dispute resolution abilities. It will help students
prepare for future training sessions in their upcoming projects.

2. How does each learning program support the goals and objectives of the curriculum?
Training programs aid the school in attaining the curriculum's objectives. It actually
provides solutions to a variety of concerns or challenges that teachers and children may face.

3. How does the school monitor and evaluate the implementation of each learning program?
They implement their strategic plan to monitor and evaluate the implementation of each
learning program, ensuring that the programs are beneficial to students' learning and development
.
4. What are the challenges and problems in the implementation of each learning program?
It's tough, time-consuming, and labor-intensive to develop academic interventions. The
committee must first assess the program's good and negative effects on teachers, parents,
children, and other stakeholders. The institution must design adequate technologies and content in
order to provide the curriculum. They must also plan everything in order to achieve a better
outcome, which includes coming up with a theme that is appropriate to the situation and the
students.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
If the school adopts an adequate program, students may be educated about many aspects
of life. It will also help students understand what is going on in the world around them. In fact, it will
motivate and inspire students to behave and act differently in class.
2. I believe that
Through seminars and workshops are another strategy that has a huge impact on how
students perceive things. It's one way to get kids to participate in real-world activities. It will help
students improve their skills while also supporting teachers in acquiring new teaching methods and
possibilities to work with differently abled students.
3. I feel that
Good teaching and learning will help both teachers and students who participate in various
linked education initiatives.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Design and manage relevant initiatives that allow students to enjoy and take more initiative
of their education. Not every program is good, in fact, there is only one highly connected program
that benefits everyone.

89 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

Lesson 4 Enriching Teaching Practices through Professional Collaboration

Professional collaboration is important to empower teachers in shaping society's young minds. It

will also enrich their teaching practices and skill sets. This lesson will guide you in understanding how
teachers can collaborate with other educators to augment their teaching practices. The objectives of this
lesson are the following:

1. discuss how teachers can collaborate with other educators to improve teaching practices;
2. observe how teachers participate in collegial discussions to gather learning feedback to enrich
teaching practices; and
3. observe professional collaboration among teachers.

Education Theory

Teachers need to reflect on their teaching practices (Danielson 2007). They need to commit
themselves to continuous improvement that requires professional collaboration with colleagues.
Implementing a curriculum is a collaborative task of the whole school. It is never an individual task.
Teachers need to share their experiences and expertise to improve the implementation of the curriculum.

90 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 In ensuring the proper implementation of the K to 12 basic education curriculum, based on RA
10533, the following instructional approaches need to be applied by the teachers:

 learner-centered, inclusive, and developmentally appropriate;

 relevant, responsive, and research-based;
 culture-sensitive;
 contextualized and global and
 constructivist, inquiry-based, reflective, collaborative, and integrative pedagogical approaches.

These approaches demand greater collaboration and cooperation among teachers and stakeholders.
There are so many things that a teacher needs to learn for the K to 12 curriculums.

Observation

A. Ask permission from any school to gather the following data and answer the succeeding questions.

School: Christ the King College de Maranding Inc.

Address: Maranding, Lala Lanao Del Norte
Source: Mr. Jaymar R. Pajente

Total Enrolment
Enrolment per Grade Level 190
Number of Sections Per Grade 3-4
Level
Average Class Size 40
Total Number of Teachers 23
Number of Teachers with MA units 7
Number of Teachers with MA 0
Number of Teachers with Doctorate 0
Degree
Number of Master Teachers 0
Average Year of Service for 2 - 3 yrs.
Teachers

School: Lala National High School

Address: Maranding Lala Lanao Del Norte
Teacher’s name: Mrs. Jenalyn M. Abergas

1. Does the school implement a mentoring program for its teachers? How?
- Yes, through Learning Action Cell.

2. Does the school conduct professional meetings to discuss learning issues and problems?
- Yes!

3. Does the school support the continuing education and development of its teachers? How?
- Yes, there is indeed a government initiative to assist teachers in obtaining their field,
although it is restricted. As a result, the teacher will invest in their own professional
development.

4. How do expert teachers help other teachers in improving their teaching practices?

91 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 - Learning action cell program.

5. What are the different teaching collaboration activities available or done by the teachers to improve
their teaching practices?
- In-serving training

6. Is there an existing academic collaboration between the school/teachers and higher education
institutions? If yes, what forms of collaboration are done?
- No!
B. Ask permission to attend a faculty meeting or a professional meeting in the school Answer the following
questions:

Answers are based on experience.

1. Is sharing of good teaching practices part of the meeting? What types of good teaching practices
are shared?
Yes! A discussion of effective teaching approaches will be part of the meeting. Two
educational tools that are particularly effective during a pandemic are video recording instructions
and online symposiums for students, teachers, and parents.

2. How do teachers discuss issues and problems related to teaching and learning?
Almost always, instructors begin class by addressing students' accomplishments, then
state all of the students' concerns or problems at the same time. Then, if necessary, ask for some
possible solutions.

3. How do teachers observe professionalism during the meeting?

The formal meeting opens with a prayer and greetings from the teacher. Following that, the
agenda will be given with significant issues explained. Discuss some of your concerns and
concerns about your students' performance and other variables. Accept advice from your parents
and have a positive relationship with them.

4. Do the teachers include in their agenda how the result of learning assessment should be utilized to
improve instruction?
Yes!
5. Do the teachers include in their agenda how the result of learning assessment should be utilized to
improve instruction?
Yes, they mention in their agenda how learning assessment results will be used to improve
education. They conduct a formal meeting to discuss the results of their students’ education so that
they may develop a better approach for improving the learners' learning.

C. Identify the different continuing education and development programs offered to teachers to understand
the instructional demands of the K to 12 curriculums.

The following are some of the learning and training programs available to
teachers in order to help them grasp the pedagogical standards of the K–12
syllabus:

 A teacher education program for pre-primary students

Teacher
92 I FIELD STUDY1: A Guideeducation programStudent
for 21st Century for primary school teachers
Teachers
 A program for secondary teacher education
Processing

Read the questions carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What are the implications of the data gathered during the preliminary activity?
The teacher will be able to recognize the students' strengths and weaknesses if the
preparation exercise is particular. This will help them distinguish between exceptional and average
students. It also helps them understand the learning capacity of students’.

2. How can the school utilize the data to develop better professional collaboration among teachers to
improve their teaching practices?
It is preferred if the instructor attends a training program for teachers at least once every
two months to share and enhance their teaching methods. This will help them adopt or perhaps
create new teaching tactics and styles in order to improve their educational experiences.

3. How can the school promote stronger collaboration among its teachers?
The school encourages teachers to collaborate more by organizing an activity in which
they can interact and form positive relationships with their colleagues.

4. How does the school support and sustain a culture of excellence among teachers and other staff?
In order to develop and maintain a culture of continuous improvement among instructors
and employees, the institution must cultivate a character that promotes and produces culture
awareness. Support equality and responsibility in the classroom, regardless of one's ethnicity or
culture.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Teachers who are exposed to a variety of compulsory teaching services are more likely to
share their thoughts with colleagues and deal with their students' problems in the classroom. They
must share their expertise and experience in order to improve the application of the curriculum.

2. I believe that
If instructors work together, they can create a more efficient student management system.
They can experiment with different strategies and knowledge that other teachers have used to find

93 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 what works best for their students. It can be used to determine a student's learning capacity and
interests.

3. I feel that
By discussing teacher strategies and techniques in the classroom, teachers can learn what
appropriate teaching styles will work for each learner. They can now engage in differentiated,
reality-based activities.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

I'm going to keep all I've learned in mind. My colleagues and I will discuss my discoveries
on how to deal with a range of students. I'm going to make it my personal duty to do what's best for
my students’. I'll never stop learning, and one of my goals is to be able to multitask while keeping
an eye on each of my students’.

Lesson 5 Utilizing Teaching and Learning Resources and ICT

Learning resources are important in implementing a curriculum and supporting student learning.
This lesson will guide you in understanding how utilizing teaching and learning resources can lead to the
improved learning of the students. The objectives of this lesson are the following:

1. identify what teaching and learning resources are available for the implementation of the
curriculum;
2. observe how teachers use teaching and learning resources to enhance their teaching; and
3. observe how different teaching and learning resources can improve the students’ learning

94 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

Education Theory

Teaching and learning resources are materials used by teachers to support the implementation of
curriculum and instruction. These teaching and learning resources are in the form of print, audio-visual
materials, databases, online resources, visual aids, real-objects, ICT tools, and other educational materials
available. Teaching and learning resources are important because they can significantly improve the
learning of the students and enhance the teaching and learning process. Teaching and learning resources
support the implementation of specific learning objectives in the lesson plan.

Since the millennial students are born into the Information Age, they have wide access to different
technologies. Thru technology particularly the Internet, they gather, learn, and analyze information. This
means that education should take advantage of ICT tools to provide more meaningful and relevant teaching
and learning experiences for the learners.

Some important features of an excellent teaching and learning resources are the following:

1. Learner-centered – addresses the needs, interests, learning styles, and thinking styles of the
learners;
2. Values-oriented – enforces the importance of learning, sharing,and creating knowledge to improve
peoples’ lives and develop communities;
3. Process and outcomes-driven – contains activities that engage students in meaningful and
challenging learning;
4. Differentiated learning – addresses different learning needs, learning styles, and thinking styles;

5. ICT-integrated – allows the learners to utilize technology as a learning tool (blended learning); and
6. Excellent content – provides valid and updated content (this is for print materials like textbooks and
other references).

Observation

A. Identify different teaching and learning resources available in the school.

Categories Examples
Print Printer, Scanner and Photocopier

Audiovisual Materials Projectors, TV and Microphone

Assessment Tools Books, Handouts, Computers and Test papers

Learning Objects Computer, books, laboratories

Visual Materials Projectors, books, computer, News paper

Audio Materials Speakers, Computers, Microphones, Speech Lab

ICT-based Materials Computer, Audio-visual room, projectors, computer

lab

95 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

B. Check whether the school has the following learning resources:

✔️
Library

✔️
Basic Science Laboratories

✔️
Internet Facilities

ICT Laboratory

✔️
Technology and Livelihood Education Laboratory

✔️
Audiovisual Room

✔️
Gymnasium

✔️
Clinic

✔️
Guidance Office

✔️
Speech Laboratory

✔️
Auditorium

✔️
Faculty Room

C. Observe the classroom environment.

Criteria for Observation Observed Not Observation/Comments

Observed

✔️
1. Classroom are conducive for The teacher ensures that the
learning. environment in the classroom is
conducive to learning. He/she
ensures that all learning materials
are provided to the students.

96 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 ✔️
2. Classroom have enough The teacher prioritizes having
lighting and ventilation. enough lighting and ventilation in
the classroom so that the pupils
can clearly see what is printed on
the board and what they are writing.

✔️
3. Classroom are free of any The teacher keeps a close eye on
hazard. the classroom to ensure that the
students are safe. She/he is always
concerned about the safety of each
and every student.

✔️
4. Classroom are crowded. The classroom is not overcrowded
because there are only a few
students in the class.

✔️
5. Classroom is clean. The instructor was responsible for
keeping the classroom clean. To
allow students to move around
freely within the classroom.

D. Analyze the lesson plans of the cooperating teachers. Examine how technology is used to support the
implementation of particular learning outcomes. Provide an example.

Learning Objectives Topics Instructional Materials Needed

1. Define coordinating
conjunctions.
2. Connect words, phrases,
and clauses using Coordinating Conjunctions Laptop, projector, manila paper,
coordinating marker.
conjunctions.
3. Promote harmonious
relationship through
good communication
and cooperation..

1. Identify sentences
according to their uses.
2. Construct declarative,
interrogative, imperative,
and exclamatory Types of Sentences According to Pictures, laptop, projector, manila
sentences. Use paper, marker
3. Show teamwork and
cooperation through
participating in a group
activity.

1. Differentiate active and

passive voice;
2. Rewrite the sentence

97 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 changing the voice from Active and Passive Voice cardboard, bond paper, marker
active to passive voice.
3. Appreciate the lesson by
showing active
participation of the
students towards the
lesson.

1. Define morphology and

morphemes
2. Formulate types of
morphemes Morphology Visual aid, marker, card board,
3. Value the importance of manila paper
our own culture by
preserving our tradition.

1. Explain the difference

between figurative and Laptop, pictures, projectors,
literal language Figurative Language speaker
2. Classify examples of
figurative language from
poetry and prose
3. Show teamwork and
cooperation through
participating in a group
activity.

E. Observe how technology is used to enhance teaching and learning process.

Learning Outcomes Instructional Observations

Materials Used

Define and Connect Coordinating Laptop, projector, The teacher is presenting a video clip as the
Conjunctions using words, phrases and manila paper, marker, lesson is being discussed on a laptop and
clauses. video clip projector. The teacher offers manila paper as
well as a marker for the group exercise.
Construct declarative, interrogative, During the discussion, the teacher used photos
imperative and exclamatory sentences Pictures, laptop, and pasted them on the board. Then, for the
according their uses.. projector duration of the debate, he/she used a laptop
and a projector.
The discussion begins with the students
Rewrite the sentence changing the Manila paper, participating in group exercises utilizing bond
voice from active to passive. cardboard, bond paper. The instructor then delivered the
paper, marker discussion on manila paper, and for the
assessment of learnings, the teacher used
cardboard to identify the sentences printed on

98 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 it.
The teacher used visual aids throughout the
Construct sentences applying the kinds Visual aid, marker, discussion to communicate the material.
of sentences. card board, manila She/he also gave students card board on
paper her/his activity, upon presenting she/he used
photos during his/her talk.
The teacher presented the lesson using a
Explain and Classify the difference Laptop, pictures, laptop and pictures. He or she also used a
between figurative and literal language. projectors, speaker video clip in class and provided a speaker so
that the students could hear the clip.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. Are there enough teaching and learning resources available in school?

Yes, there are sufficient teaching and learning resources in the school for both teachers
and students to use.

2. How are these teaching and learning resources utilized in teaching and learning?
Teaching and learning resources are used in teaching and learning by teachers to present
their discussions to their students and for the students to understand the lesson more readily.

3. How do these teaching and learning resources help attain learning outcomes?
Teaching and learning materials assist students in achieving learning outcomes by allowing
them to form positive connections with learners' knowledge and experience, allowing them to
expand their own capacities.

4. How do these teaching and learning resources improve the quality of students' learning?
Teaching and learning resources assist students build more information and strengthen
their learning strategies, values, and attitudes, which improves the quality of their learning.

5. What teaching and learning resources are lacking in the school?

The internet connection is one of the teaching and learning resources that the school lacks
because it is located in a rural area where the internet connection is very inconsistent.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Teachers must employ modernized teaching tactics, including the usage of enhanced
innovation teaching methods, rather than relying primarily on traditional teaching methods. They
must choose an appropriate method for clearly communicating knowledge.

99 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers

 2. I believe that
Teachers, especially in this time of pandemic, must study or participate in any innovation
activities to improve their skills in this new manner of teaching. We need to be more up to date,
aware, and capable of displaying confidence in the use of technology in the classroom as
instructors.

3. I feel that
We still need to involve students in stage performances, despite the fact that computer
education makes our tasks easier and faster. Everything is done through the internet, just as it was
during the pandemic. To inspire students to enjoy performing their work, teachers must be more
imaginative. You can't see or touch them; the only thing you can do is keep track of their actions,
tasks, and performance objectives.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Benefit from more engaging and relevant teaching and experiences. In order to introduce
the lesson and provide information, I shall use technology. And improve my understanding and
skills in using technology in the classroom. Creativity must be cultivated. I believe I need to enroll in
classes that will dramatically improve my ability to interact and teach students through technology.

100 I FIELD STUDY 1: A Guide for 21st Century Student Teachers