QUARTER 3 - MODULE 5-6

CLIMATE
Objectives:

At the end of these modules, you are expected

to:

• Differentiate weather from climate;

• Identify the different factors that affect
climate; and
• Explain how each factor affects the climate
of an area.
Classify the following pictures as weather or
climate

rainy
spring

cloudy

sunny summer

autumn
winter lightning
 WEATHER vs. CLIMATE

WEATHER
• Refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a
particular place within a short period of time.
• It is caused by the interaction between air pressure,
heat, wind and moisture.
• It is what the forecasters on televisions and radios
predict each day.
• It can be measured and described by temperature,
atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, cloudiness and
precipitation.
Temperature refers to how hot or cold the atmosphere is in a
region on a day-to-day basis.

Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the atmosphere

overhead.

Wind refers to the movement of air.

Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in the air.

Cloudiness can affect the weather condition of a certain place.

Precipitation is defined as any liquid or frozen water that

forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the Earth.
 WEATHER vs. CLIMATE

CLIMATE
• Refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a
particular location over a long period of time.

• Climate can be described by looking at the average

temperature and precipitation over time.
Factors Affecting
Climate
 Latitude
• Latitude is defined as the distance
from north to south of the equator
measured in degrees.
• Temperature range depends on the
distance from the equator.
• As you move away from the
equator, temperature decreases
resulting in cold climate.
• Temperature increases as you come
near the equator, resulting in warm
climate.
 Altitude Why is it that during summer many
people visit Baguio City?
• Altitude is defined as the elevation
especially above sea level.
• Temperatures decrease with height.
• The air is less dense and cannot hold
heat as easily.
• Places with higher elevations have cold
climates.
• The temperature usually decreases by
1°C for every 100 meters in altitude.
• Decrease in air temperature is due to
the decrease in air pressure.
 Bodies of water
• Places that are near the oceans
have moderate climate as the body
of water regulates the temperature.
• Places that are far from the bodies
of water have extreme climates, as
there are no immediate bodies of
water that will help to circulate the
movement of cold air and warm air.
 Ocean Currents
• Ocean currents will either warm or
• cool
Ocean
the currents
air aboveare characterized by
them.
moist and
• Warm warmthat
currents temperature
move fromthat the can
increasetowards
equator and canthe lower temperature
poles carry warm
whichThe
water. greatly affectsthe
air above climate
warmofwater
a
region.
has higher temperature.
•
• OnCoriolis effect
the other is defined
hand, as an effect
cold currents that
whereby
travel froma mass
poles moving
toward in thea equator
rotating
system
carry experiences
cold water. a force (Coriolis
Force)this
• When acting perpendicular
happens, to the of
the temperature
direction
that of motionasand
area decreases to the air
warmer axisfrom
of
rotation.
the land flows to the sea resulting in a
cold climate.
 Topography
• One side is facing the wind and has
low temperature. Clouds are
forming here due to the
condensation of water vapor. This
formation of clouds develops to
become rain.
• On the other side of the mountain,
there is no cloud formation. The
temperature is high and
precipitation does not happen. This
results in the formation of a dry
and warm region.
Climate
Change
CLIMATE CHANGE

 Is climate change real?

 Is climate change man-made or is it just a

natural occurrence?
 CLIMATE CHANGE

 Climate change is one of the most current

worldwide issues.

 Some experts say that it is true that Earth does

go through a period of cooling and a period of
warming.
 WHAT CAUSES CLIMATE CHANGE?
 The increase of temperature that we are experiencing
right now is caused by factors other than human
activity.
 Whether the cause is man-made or not, climate
change is a change in the environment.
 Global warming can bring about a rising of sea level
due to the melting of ice caps and glaciers.
 We may experience severe weather
disturbances such as much stronger typhoons
and heavier rainfalls.

 Some parts of the world may experience El

Niño or La Niña.

 And most of all, it can cause extinction of

some fauna and flora.
 GREENHOUSE EFFECT

 Warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the earth caused by

conversion of solar radiation into heat.

 The solar radiation was trapped into the earth due to greenhouse gases.

 These include water vapor, carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons

(CFC’s), methane and nitrous oxide.

 Greenhouse gases prevent heat to escape from earth making earth’s

temperature higher.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 The figure shows that
greenhouse gases such as
carbon dioxide, methane
(CH4), chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), and nitrous oxide
(N2O) trap heat preventing it
to escape from the earth.

 All gases absorb heat, some

just absorb more than others.
 GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 More greenhouse gases in the atmosphere means that
the equilibrium temperature will be higher as these
absorb more heat.

 This will result to the increase of global temperature.

 Less greenhouse gases will mean lower temperature.

CARBON DIOXIDE
 Main component of air that causes the
rising of the global temperature.
 When Industrial Revolution comes in,
more emission of carbon dioxide and
other greenhouse gases threatened all
living things.
 Developed countries and developing
countries became more dependent on
fossil fuels.
 Burning of fossil fuels is one of the main
sources of carbon dioxide emission.
El Niño

 El Niño is an abnormal and lengthy warming in the

eastern part of the Pacific Ocean.
 This natural phenomenon occurs at irregular intervals
of two to seven years and last for nine months or two
years at most.
 Usually, it starts at the end of the year or during
Christmas season that is why; it is termed as El Niño
which means “Christ Child”.
El Niño
El Niño
 Normally, as trade wind moves from east to west, it collects
warm air.

 But when trade wind is weakened, it causes the piling up of

warm surface water and making the part of the Pacific Ocean
warmer leading to El Niño phenomenon.

 This happens when the upwelling of colder water is blocked by

the large quantities of warm surface water. (The cause of the
weakening of the trade winds is still unknown and it is still
being investigated)
La Niña
 La Niña is the opposite climatic disturbance to El
Niño.
 This natural phenomenon may, but does not always
follow El Niño events.
 It may last for nine to twelve months but in some
cases, it lasts for two years.
 This event is triggered by the cooling of the eastern
part of the Pacific Ocean. That‘s why, it is sometimes
called Cold Pacific.
La Niña
La Niña
 Trade winds that move from east to west are strengthened.
 Upwelling of colder water intensifies.
 Moving air brings along too much water vapor.
 When it reaches the land mass such as Philippines, precipitation is
experienced.
 There would be an increase of rainfall in some areas in the Philippines.
 For instance, areas that experienced severe drought which caused by El
Niño may encounter above normal rainfall.
 But in some cases, areas that experience dry season will be drier than
normal conditions.
 La Niña’s effects are the opposite of El Niño.
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
 As a student, how can you help
slow down or lessen the effects of
climate change/global warming?
Thank
You!