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2020 - Sept21 - ME 004A

The document discusses three types of thermodynamic processes: isometric, isobaric, and isothermal. 1) In an isometric (constant volume) process, work done is zero, internal energy and enthalpy changes are determined by temperature change only, and entropy increases with temperature. 2) In an isobaric (constant pressure) process, volume and temperature are directly related, non-flow work occurs, and entropy increases with temperature. 3) In an isothermal (constant temperature) process, volume and pressure are inversely related, internal energy and enthalpy do not change, and both heat and work done are determined by temperature and volume change.

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Daniel Manivough
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62 views11 pages

2020 - Sept21 - ME 004A

The document discusses three types of thermodynamic processes: isometric, isobaric, and isothermal. 1) In an isometric (constant volume) process, work done is zero, internal energy and enthalpy changes are determined by temperature change only, and entropy increases with temperature. 2) In an isobaric (constant pressure) process, volume and temperature are directly related, non-flow work occurs, and entropy increases with temperature. 3) In an isothermal (constant temperature) process, volume and pressure are inversely related, internal energy and enthalpy do not change, and both heat and work done are determined by temperature and volume change.

Uploaded by

Daniel Manivough
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Isometric Process is a Constant Volume

Process.
𝑉=𝐶
Condition:
𝑃𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑛 = ∞
The following shows and explain how the
different forms of energy behave at
constant volume process.

I. Isometric/Isochoric Process (V=C)


1. Relationship between pressure and
temperature
𝑃1 𝑃2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2
2. Non-flow Work
2

𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = 0
1
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃[𝑉2 − 𝑉1 ] = 0

3. Change in Internal Energy


∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇

4. Change in Enthalpy
∆ℎ = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇

5. Heat
𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇 = ∆𝑈
6. Change in Entropy
𝑇2
∆𝑠 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 𝑙𝑛
𝑇1

7. Work Steady Flow


𝑄 = ∆𝑃𝐸 + ∆𝐾𝐸 + ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊𝑓 + 𝑊𝑆𝐹
𝑊𝑆𝐹 = −∆𝑊𝑓
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑊𝑓 = 𝑃𝑉
∆𝑊𝑓 = 𝑊𝑓 2 − 𝑊𝑓 1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2 − 𝑃1 𝑉1
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑉 = 𝐶; 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉
∆𝑊𝑓 = 𝑃2 𝑉 − 𝑃1 𝑉
∆𝑊𝑓 = 𝑉[𝑃2 − 𝑃1 ]

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒:
𝑊𝑆𝐹 = −𝑉 (𝑃2 − 𝑃1 )
Isobaric Process is a Constant Pressure
Process.
𝑃=𝐶
Condition:
𝑃𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑛 = 0
Let's see how the different forms of energy
behave at constant pressure process.

II. Isobaric Process (P=C)


1. Relationship between volume and
temperature
𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2
2. Non-flow Work
2

𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = 𝑃(𝑉2 − 𝑉1 )


1
3. Change in Internal Energy
∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇

4. Change in Enthalpy
∆ℎ = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇

5. Heat
𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 = ∆ℎ

6. Change in Entropy
𝑇2
∆𝑠 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑙𝑛
𝑇1

7. Work Steady Flow


𝑄 = ∆𝑃𝐸 + ∆𝐾𝐸 + ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊𝑓 + 𝑊𝑆𝐹
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: ∆ℎ = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊𝑓
𝑄 = ∆𝑃𝐸 + ∆𝐾𝐸 + ∆ℎ + 𝑊𝑆𝐹
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒:
𝑊𝑆𝐹 = 0
Isothermal Process is a Constant
Temperature Process.
𝑇=𝐶
Condition:
𝑃𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑛 = 1

Let’s learn how the different forms of


energy behave at constant temperature
process.

III. Isothermal Process (T=C)


1. Relation between volume and
pressure
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

2. Non-flow Work
2
𝑉2
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛
𝑉1
1
𝑃𝑉 = 𝐶
𝐶
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑃 =
𝑉
2
𝐶
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑑𝑉
𝑉
1
2
𝑑𝑉
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶∫
𝑉
1
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶[ln 𝑉] 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑉1 𝑡𝑜 𝑉2
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶 [ln 𝑉2 − ln 𝑉1 ]
𝑉2
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶 [ln ]
𝑉1
𝑏𝑢𝑡: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝐶
𝑉2
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 ln
𝑉1
Using Boyle’s Law:
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2
𝑃1 𝑉2
=
𝑃2 𝑉1
𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡:
𝑃1
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 ln
𝑃2

3. Change in Internal Energy


∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 [𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ]
𝑇=𝐶
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒:
∆𝑈 = 0
4. Change in Enthalpy
∆ℎ = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 [𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ]
𝑇=𝐶
𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠:
∆ℎ = 0

5. Heat
𝑉2 𝑉2
𝑄 = 𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇 ln
𝑉1 𝑉1

6. Change in Entropy
𝑄 𝑃1 𝑉2
∆𝑠 = = 𝑚𝑅 ln = 𝑚𝑅 ln
𝑇 𝑃2 𝑉1

7. Work Steady Flow


𝑉2
𝑊𝑆𝐹 = 𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛
𝑉1

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