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State-of-the-Art Review of Voltage Source

Convertor Technology
I. M. Author; (Card Number)

 copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste
Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for preparing Special | Picture (with “float over text” unchecked).
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Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in
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Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in alphabetical A. Review Stage

order, separated by commas. Please check with your editor on whether to submit your
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copy, submit photocopies such that only one column appears
I. INTRODUCTION
per page. This will give your referees plenty of room to write

T HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions

6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper or PDF version of
this document, please download the electronic file,
comments. Send the number of copies specified by your editor
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F. A. Author is with the University of Southampton, Faculty of Physical
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C. Figures
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D. Electronic Image Files (Optional) Roman, Helvetica, Helvetica Narrow, Courier, Symbol,
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TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Conversion from Gaussian and
Symbol Quantity
CGS EMU to SI a
 magnetic flux 1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s
B magnetic flux density, 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m
m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
 103 A·m2 = 103 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 103 A/m
4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
 specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1 A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment  4  1010 Wb·m
J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 4  104 T
,  susceptibility 1  4
 mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is
abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two  permeability 1  4  107 H/m
spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the = 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
caption. r relative permeability   r
w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
N, D demagnetizing factor 1  1/(4)
E. Copyright Form
Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final the entire table do not need footnote letters.
a
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx =
http://www.ieee.org/copyright. Authors are responsible for maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T =
tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
obtaining any security clearances.

III. MATH V. HELPFUL HINTS

If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation A. Figures and Tables
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over text” bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and
should not be selected. tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and tables
may span both columns. Place figure captions below the
figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure has
IV. UNITS two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions as
units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data storage. part of the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes”
For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).” An exception is linked to the figures. Do not put borders around the
when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at
“3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables
as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This are numbered with Roman numerals.
often leads to confusion because equations do not balance Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the
dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the authors. Include a note with your final paper indicating that
units for each quantity in an equation. you request and will pay for color printing. Do not use color
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, unless it is necessary for the proper interpretation of your
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux figures. If you want reprints of your color article, the reprint
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H. Use order should be submitted promptly. There is an additional
the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.” charge for color reprints. Please note that many IEEE
journals now allow an author to publish color figures on
Xplore and black and white figures in print. Contact your
society representative for specific requirements.
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity
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“Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put D. Equations

units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in
Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the
“Magnetization (A  m1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes equation editor to create the equation. Then select the
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.” equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in
not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant sentence, as in
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,
approximately 8 to 12 point type. r2
 0
F ( r,  ) dr d  [ r2 / ( 2 0 )]
(1)
B. References 
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The  exp (  | z j  zi | )  J 1 (  r2 ) J 0 (  ri ) d .
1
0
sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the before the equation appears or immediately following. Italicize
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla).
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use automatic
endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of E. Other Recommendations
the paper using the “References” style. Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling
Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.”
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we
Table I). calculated the potential.”
Please note that the references at the end of this document Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ names; “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm  0.2
do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is
space after authors’ initials. Papers that have not been “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and
published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square
have been accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values,
issue should be cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that have write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
been submitted for publication should be cited as “submitted A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
for publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
private communications [7]. parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.) In
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for American English, periods and commas are within quotation
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is “outside”!
translation journals, please give the English citation first, Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” instead of
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8]. “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and C” instead
of “A, B and C.”
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do carefully proofread your paper.
not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable
(for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article). VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the
1
permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter “o.”
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the
footnote information into the text. adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or
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“remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A reviewed by two new referees.
graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word
“alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless
you really mean something that alternates). Use the word VIII. PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES
“whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to The contents of IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are
simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to peer-reviewed and archival. The TRANSACTIONS publishes
mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial
“issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and topics
are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for of current interest.
example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound Authors should consider the following points:
Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some 1) Technical papers submitted for publication must advance
composition NixMn1-x. the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones 2) The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” the work. For example, an obvious extension of
“principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” previously published work might not be appropriate for
(e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” publication or might be adequately treated in just a few
and “infer.” pages.
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “ultra” 3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
are not independent words; they should be joined to the words editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; the
they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period after standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is also italicized). unexpected results are reported.
The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the abbreviation 4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
“e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations are not papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
italicized). information to allow readers to perform similar
An excellent style manual and source of information for experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide and an Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must
Information for Authors are both available at contain new, useable, and fully described information. For
http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html example, a specimen’s chemical composition need not be
reported if the main purpose of a paper is to introduce a
new measurement technique. Authors should expect to be
VII. EDITORIAL POLICY challenged by reviewers if the results are not supported by
Submission of a manuscript is not required for participation adequate data and critical details.
in a conference. Do not submit a reworked version of a paper 5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest
you have submitted or published elsewhere. Do not publish technical achievement, which are suitable for presentation
“preliminary” data or results. The submitting author is at a professional conference, may not be appropriate for
responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and any publication in a TRANSACTIONS or JOURNAL.
consent required from sponsors before submitting a paper.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS strongly discourage
courtesy authorship. It is the obligation of the authors to cite IX. CONCLUSION
relevant prior work. A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion
The Transactions and Journals Department does not publish may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the
conference records or proceedings. The T RANSACTIONS does abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the
publish papers related to conferences that have been importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions.
recommended for publication on the basis of peer review. As a
matter of convenience and service to the technical community, APPENDIX
these topical papers are collected and published in one issue of
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
the TRANSACTIONS.
At least two reviews are required for every paper submitted.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
For conference-related papers, the decision to accept or reject
a paper is made by the conference editors and publications The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
committee; the recommendations of the referees are advisory American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
only. Undecipherable English is a valid reason for rejection. singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
Authors of rejected papers may revise and resubmit them to Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
the TRANSACTIONS as regular papers, whereupon they will be thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .”
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 6

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